OTHERS_CITABLE Research Article: Quantification and localization of mitochondrial-rich cells in the gills of an anadromous fish, Hilsa shad (Tenualosa ilisha) Tenualosa ilisha has a high economic and valuable marketing in the southern regions of Iran. A recent study was conducted on changes in mitochondrial-rich cells (MRCs) and some blood factors when fish migrated from sea to river. As a model, this research can provide basic information on the osmoregulation functions of this fish and other similar migratory species, and can be useful to other researchers and research centers. Forty mature T. ilisha specimens were collected from the Musa Creek and Arvand Rud. In order to examine the distribution, size, and number of MRCs in the gills, histological sections were observed and analyzed by hematoxylins and eosin staining, immunofluorescent staining, and the scanning electron microscope method. For a better understanding of osmoregulation, plasma ion concentrations of each fish were examined. The antibody staining results showed that in the gills, MRCs were found in lamellae, interlamellar, and basolateral in both the sea and river samples but no MRCs were observed in the filament epithelia. The size and numbers of MRCs in the seawater fishes were considerably larger than those from river water. Concentrations of Na+, Cl-, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and glucose in T. ilisha plasma specimens from seawater were significantly higher than the river specimens. According to the study, changes in the gill tissue of T. ilisha during migration can be concluded that this fish easily live in both environments with changes in gill structure and some blood biochemical parameters. http://jifro.ir/article-1-4661-en.pdf 2022-01-20 1 14 Tenualosa ilisha Anadromous Gill Immunofluorescent Scanning Electron Microscope Mitochondrial-rich cells Z. Basir z.basir@scu.ac.ir 1 Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran AUTHOR R. Peyghan Peyghan_r@scu.ac.ir 2 Professor,Department of Clinical Sciences and Excellence Center of Warm Water Fish Health and Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran. AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Research Article: Improvement of Thalassiosira weissflogii as a high valuable nutritional feed Recently, the rising demand for high-quality seafood has created a fresh look at the sustained and adequate aquafeed as a necessity. Considering the potential of microalgae cells, many companies are looking for practical methods to enhance the nutritional content of these microorganisms as valuable aquafeed. In this attempt, Thalassiosira weissflogii isolated from the Caspian Sea and identified with morphology and molecular characteristics. In order to improve lipid content, this strain was cultivated in normal and nitrogen deficiency F/2 medium for 18 and 30 days. The growth indices, total lipid, fatty acids profiles were measured in both cases. Growth of T. weissflogii during nitrogen deficiency conditions was associated with a sharp decline in cell growth and significant rise in lipid production such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Although the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) level was reduced by half under nitrogen deficiency condition (8.8 to 3.23 % TFA), the amount of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) escalated during this situation (3.5 to 12.63 % TFA). Results showed that the concept of N-deficiency conditions along with prolonged culturing could improve PUFA n-3 content to provide highly valuable feed for shellfish and shrimp industries. http://jifro.ir/article-1-3974-en.pdf 2022-01-20 15 32 Aquafeed Thalassiosira weissflogii nitrogen deficiency EPA DHA E. Etesami e.etesami@yahoo.com 1 Alborz Rahbar Biotechnology Company AUTHOR S. Jorjani Sarah.Jorjani@yahoo.com 2 Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Baharan Higher Education Institute, Gorgan, Iran. AUTHOR M. Noroozi noroozi.mostafa@alzahra.ac.ir 3 Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran. AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Research Article: Electrochemical harvesting of the marine microalgae, Nannochloropsis oculata: Effect on approximate composition, fatty acid profile, and metals biosorption The effect of electrochemical harvesting of Nannochloropsis oculata by aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), and graphite electrodes on the approximate composition, fatty acids profile, harvesting efficiency, and metals biosorption was investigated. Based on the results, the highest content of crude protein was observed in the control and graphite electrode groups, while the lowest value was measured in Al electrode (p<0.05). The highest content of fat (21.95 % in dry weight) was obtained in the microalgae harvested by Al electrode compared to other treatments (p<0.05). Maximum level of saturated fatty acids was observed in the microalgae harvested by Al electrode (89.68 % of total fat) (p<0.05). However, the lowest levels of mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids were recorded in Al electrode treatment (p<0.05). The lowest harvesting efficiency (67.44 %) was observed in graphite electrode treatment (p<0.05). The highest biosorption of Al and Fe were in the microalgae harvested by Al and Fe electrodes, respectively (p<0.05). Overall, electrocoagulation technique using various electrodes caused significant changes in biochemical composition of N. oculata. Although the highest biosorption of metals was in the microalgae harvested by sacrificial electrodes and even out of the allowed range of human and animal consumption, they would be suitable for biofuel production. http://jifro.ir/article-1-4613-en.pdf 2022-01-20 33 47 Microalgae harvesting Fatty acids Electrochemistry Electrocoagulation Nannochloropsis oculata M. Shamsaie Mehrgan m.shamsaie@srbiau.ac.ir 1 Department of Fisheries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR S.P. Hosseini Shekarabi hosseini.pezhman@yahoo.com 2 Department of Fisheries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Research Article: The study on dinocysts in the southern coastal waters of Caspian Sea Algal cysts data has the potential to link with environmental parameters. In the pelagic zone, various factors such as sediment turbulence, the unusual rising of temperature, and nutrient can cause the entrance of surface sediment cysts into the water column. This paper aims to study dinocysts fluctuation in the southern part of the Caspian Sea. 563 water samples were collected during a period from 2009 to 2013 as well as a year from 2018 to 2019. The dinocysts were identified by reliable references. Analysis of variance was used to determine significant differences in dinocysts abundance between the seasons, depths, layers, and regions. The microscopic results showed that the cysts of Dissodinium pseudolunula, Pyrocystis sp., and Gonyaulax polyedra were identified. The percentage of presence frequency of cysts in years of 2009-2010, 2011-2012, 2012-2013, and 2018-2019 were obtained 46, 4, 9, and 34%, respectively. The different stages of the Dissodinium pseudolunula and Pyrocystis sp. cysts formed the highest percent frequency of presence. The cyst of Gonyaulax polyedra (as an indicator of warm water) was increased in the water column compared to previous years, which probably is a reflection of increases in sea surface temperature in this region. http://jifro.ir/article-1-4226-en.pdf 2022-01-20 48 62 Dinocyst Environmental indicators Southern Caspian Sea Iran A. Makhlough asieh_makhlough@yahoo.com 1 Caspian Sea Ecology Research Center AUTHOR H. Nasrollahzadeh Saravi hnsaravi@gmail.com 2 Caspian Sea Ecology Research Center AUTHOR A. Roohi roohi_ark@yahoo.com 3 Caspian Sea Ecology Research Center AUTHOR A.R. Keyhansani keyhansani@yahoo.com 4 Caspian Sea Ecology Research Center AUTHOR F. Vahedi vahedi_fariba@yahoo.com 5 Caspian Sea Ecology Research Center AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Research Article: Identification and taxonomy of sea cucumbers (Holothuria) in Persian Gulf The sea cucumbers of the genus Holothuria are important species in Asia. In present study in the Persian Gulf aimed to identify Holothuria species and investigate their relationships based on morphological and 16S rRNA molecular data. 30 specimens were collected from northern Persian Gulf coasts of Dayer (Bushehr Province) and Lengeh (Hormozgan Province). Based on ossicles morphology, three species were identified. DNA was isolated using CTAB method. Thereafter, 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplification was performed using universal primer and consequently PCR product was sequenced. Sequencing result was analyzed and identified in NCBI database using BLAST. 17 sequences of mitochondrial DNA of 16S rRNA gene (393bp length) were obtained after modification and alignment. The phylogenic tree of mentioned species showed a monophyletic group. The three identified species include Holothuria (Thymiosycia) arenicola, Holothuria leucospilota and Holothuria parva. Holothuria arenicola was found in high support in the sister clade of H. arenicola from China. Despite 7% genetic distance, no morphological differences were observed between H. arenicola with similar species. http://jifro.ir/article-1-4348-en.pdf 2022-01-20 63 81 Morphology Persian Gulf 16S rRNA Sea cucumbers Holothuria arenicola Holothuria parva Holothuria leucospilota. M. Eisapour minaeisapour@yahoo.com 1 Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran AUTHOR M.A. Salari Aliabadi salari1346@yahoo.com 2 Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran AUTHOR N. Salamat salamatnegin@yahoo.com 3 Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran AUTHOR M. Nafisi Bahabadi nafisi2002@gmail.com 4 Department of Fisheries Science, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran AUTHOR A.P. Salati salatia@gmail.com 5 5Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Natural Resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Research Article: Carbon dioxide anesthesia: A potential application to improve the air exposure duration of tilapia The behavioral and physiological responses of tilapia to air exposure after pure saturated carbon dioxide (CO2) anesthesia were analyzed, and a potential application of live tilapia dehydrated transport was evaluated by comparing it with the tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) anesthesia and no anesthesia. Tilapia displayed about 1 min of hyperactivity, and the induction time of anesthetized was about 3 min during CO2 anesthesia, both the behavioral analysis and plasma cortisol levels showed that tilapia were more sensitive and stressed to the CO2 anesthesia than MS-222 anesthesia. During air exposure, both anesthesia groups had good sedative effects, and the survival time of unanesthetized group, CO2 anesthesia group and MS-222 anesthesia group were 331, 489 and 528 min respectively, and the survival time and survival rates of the anesthetized tilapia were significantly increased. Considering the efficacy, ease of use, as well as safety, the results of this study showed that CO2 was an ideal anesthetic to improve air exposure duration of tilapia, and carbon dioxide anesthesia of tilapia potentially can be translated into an industrial short-time air exposure procedure. http://jifro.ir/article-1-2646-en.pdf 2022-01-20 82 92 Carbon dioxide Anesthesia Tricaine Methanesulfonate Tilapia Behavioral and physiological response Air exposure duration X. Fan 1 Department of Food Science, Guangxi University, 530004, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R.China. AUTHOR M.M. Zhao 2 Department of Food Science, Guangxi University, 530004, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R.China. AUTHOR W.L. Guan 3 Department of Food Science, Guangxi University, 530004, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R.China. AUTHOR T.T. Liu 4 Department of Food Science, Guangxi University, 530004, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R.China. AUTHOR D.W. Chen chendw@gxu.edu.cn 5 Department of Food Science, Guangxi University, 530004, Nanning, Guangxi, P.R.China. AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Research Article: Stock structure analysis of Yellow striped goatfish, Upeneus vittatus (Forsskal, 1775) based on truss morphometric analysis along the Indian coast In the present study, 347 specimens of Yellow striped goatfish, Upeneus vittatus were collected from the three locations along the Indian Coast from October 2018 to March 2019. The truss matrix was developed by interconnecting the 13 morphological landmarks, which form different triangles and rectangles to form 26 truss variables. All the transformed truss measurements data were subjected to factor analysis and discriminant function analysis. The factor analysis indicated first three factors together, showing 73.43% of the total variations. The first factor exhibited meaningful loading on the straight and oblique depth measurements of the anterior half and middle part of the fish body. In contrast, the second factor showed significant loadings on the fish body's posterior part (caudal peduncle region). Further, cross-validation from discriminant function analysis revealed an overall 86.69% successful classification, where the well-classified stock was from Odisha (93.93%), followed by Mumbai (82.50%) and Kakinada (82.14%). The finding indicates the existence of two separate stocks of U. vittatus in the west and east coast of India.  http://jifro.ir/article-1-4394-en.pdf 2022-01-20 93 103 Yellow striped goatfish Truss matrix Stock structure Indian coast. S. Nama suman.frmpa906@cife.edu.in 1 Fisheries Resource Harvest and Post-Harvest Management Division, ICAR‐Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai 400061, India AUTHOR S. Bhushan shashi@cife.edu.in 2 Fisheries Resource Harvest and Post-Harvest Management Division, ICAR‐Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai 400061, India AUTHOR K.K. Ramteke karankumar@cife.edu.in 3 Fisheries Resource Harvest and Post-Harvest Management Division, ICAR‐Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai 400061, India AUTHOR A.K. Jaiswar akjaiswar@cife.edu.in 4 Fisheries Resource Harvest and Post-Harvest Management Division, ICAR‐Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai 400061, India AUTHOR M. Srihari srihari.frmpa705@cife.edu.in 5 Fisheries Resource Harvest and Post-Harvest Management Division, ICAR‐Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Off Yari Road, Versova, Mumbai 400061, India AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Research Article: Breeding biology and dose optimization for captive breeding of striped dwarf catfish Mystus vittatus using different hormones The striped dwarf catfish, Mystus vittatus, a small indigenous fish of Bangladesh is scarce facing anthropogenic interventions. The present study depicts the captive breeding of M. vittatus applying different stimulating hormones which might improve the production. For this purpose, 400 wild brood fish of M. vittatus were collected and some breeding parameters such as gonado-somatic index (GSI), hepato-somatic index (HSI) and fecundity were measured at 15 days interval at each month during a year. For captive breeding, the broods were kept in the containers dividing into two different groups (male: female sex ratio 1:1 and 1:2) treated with carp pituitary gland (CPG: 4 to 12 mg/kg), flash (S-GnRHa: 0.4 to 1.2 mL/kg) and CPG plus flash hormones (2+0.2 to 6+0.6 mg-mL/kg) by 15 different doses and planned with a single dose for male and female. A control unit with no hormone was designed for each sex ratio. For evaluating the breeding performance, fertilization rate, hatching rate and survival rate of larvae were compared. In addition, the water quality parameters (temperature, DO, TDS, and pH) of incubators were checked. Maximum GSI value (25.54±5.86%) was found in mid-July and minimum (0.11±0.01%) was in mid-October, whereas the HSI value was lowest in mid-July for both female (1.61±0.11%) and male (2.40±0.08%). The average fecundity was 16175±10803 from end-March to end-September whereas the highest and lowest values were 32794±1284 in mid-July and 2109±412 in mid-September. Based on the GSI and HSI values of male and female, mid-July is the spawning season of this species. The higher latency period (8-9 hrs.) was noted with CPG and lower (6-7 hrs.) with the CPG plus flash hormone. The highest fertilization rate (92.6±6.38%), hatching rate (78.4±5.73%) and survival rate (69±7.03%) were found with a dose of 3+0.3 mg+mL/kg (CD2) of fish at the sex ratio of 1:2 whereas the average water parameter of temperature, DO, pH and TDS were 29.72±0.30ºC, 8.61±0.08 mg/L, 7.46±0.01, 180.49±18.53 mg/L. In captive conditions, the seed of M. vittatus can be mass-produced and helpful to aquaculture and conservation through this research. http://jifro.ir/article-1-4706-en.pdf 2022-01-20 104 121 Captive breeding Sex ration Breeding biology Fecundity Hatching rate Fertilization rate Mystus vittatus S.K. Paul shyamal@nstu.edu.bd 1 Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh AUTHOR S. Sarker srijan260@gmail.com 2 Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh AUTHOR B.S. Sarker vktt1979@yahoo.com 3 Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh AUTHOR M.M. Alam alammaksud@yahoo.com 4 Ministry of Science and Technology, Bangladesh AUTHOR P.R. Majumdar priyanstu@gmail.com 5 Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Research Article: Dictyota pulvinata sp. nov. (Dictyotaceae) a new Indo-Atlantic brown algae Dictyota, as a diverse genus of the family Dictyotaceae (brown algae) in warm temperate to tropical seas, is characterized by high morphological plasticity. The wide range of morphological variation in the members of this genus makes the species distinction based on morphological or anatomical features complicated. Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman as a subregion of subtropical marine environments in south of Iran has various species of Dictyotaceae. This study investigated the taxonomy of Dictyota as one main tropical genus of the family Dictyotaceae in southern coastlines of Iran. In the current study DNA sequences of the two genes rbcL and Cox3, as well as their morphological features were analyzed to determine the species distinction of the genus in the studied areas. In rbcL phylogenetic tree, some of the sequences obtained from Iranian specimens of Dictyota formed a fully supported new clade with four sequences obtained from specimens collected from Mayotte, Bermuda, Netherland Antilles and Bahamas (Caribbean Sea). In Cox3 phylogenetic analyses, the sequences of the specimens from Iran were grouped with two sequences of Dictyota specimens collected from Egypt and Bahamas. The results showed the new clade in both rbcL and Cox3 tree represent a distinct new taxon with anastomosing points between overlaps blades which led to cushion-like (pulvinus) habit as diagnostic characteristic, so, the taxon is introduced as the new species Dictyota pulvinata sp. nov. The sequences of another species of Dictyotaceae in the current study were grouped with the sequences of Canistrocarpus cervicornis from Florida in United States of America, where the type specimen of Canistrocarpus cervicornis has already been reported. http://jifro.ir/article-1-3873-en.pdf 2022-01-20 122 140 Dictyotaceae New species Phylogeny cox3 rbcL. Persian Gulf M. Sadeghi mahnaz.sadeghi66@gmail.com 1 Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Iran AUTHOR J. Sohrabipour sohrabipour2@gmail.com 2 Department of Natural Resources Researches, Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Abbas, Iran AUTHOR B.A. Fakheri ba_fakheri@yahoo.com 3 Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Iran AUTHOR R. Rabiei searesearch@yahoo.com 4 Department of Natural Resources Researches, Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Abbas, Iran AUTHOR M.M. Faghihi mm.faghihi@yahoo.com 5 Department of Natural Resources, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran AUTHOR A. Emamjomeh 6 Department of Natural Resources, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran AUTHOR M. Rahnamaeian Mohammad.Rahnamaeian@agrar.uni-giessen.de 7 Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Department of Bioresources, Winchester Str. 2, D-35394 Giessen, Germany AUTHOR O. De Clerck olivier.declerck@ugent.be 8 Group Phycology and Centre for Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Biology Department, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Research Article: Optimum dietary protein requirement for maximum growth performance of Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) juveniles A 12-weeks feeding trial was conducted to estimate the optimum dietary protein level of Caspian white fish as one of the highly important commercial species in the south of the Caspian Sea. The fish juveniles (0.59±0.05g body weight) were randomly distributed into 21 aquariums (30 fish per aquarium). The fish were fed with seven experimental diets containing 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, and 52 % crude protein (CP). Results showed that dietary protein levels significantly (p<0.05) affected growth performance and feed utilization of Caspian white fish juveniles. The fish fed a diet with 40% CP showed higher survival rate (p<0.05) than other groups. Feeding the fish with diets at 40-44% CP improved the weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate compared to 28%, 32%, and 52% CP diets. The feed conversion ratio and protein productive value were promoted by increasing the dietary CP level, while the protein efficiency ratio was decreased in diets containing high CP levels (44-52%). The fish receiving the protein supplemented diets showed higher protein and lipid content than the initial fish population. The results indicated that dietary CP level only affected the body protein content of the Caspian white fish juveniles (p<0.05). A broken-line regression calculated the protein requirement at 42.85-43.23 % based on the WG and PPV (protein productive value). http://jifro.ir/article-1-4640-en.pdf 2022-01-20 141 156 Body composition Caspian kutum Dietary crude protein Growth Feed efficiency A. Zahmatkesh aszahmat@yahoo.co.uk 1 Aquaculture Department, Gilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Rasht, Iran. AUTHOR K. Karimzadeh karimzadehkathy@yahoo.co.uk 2 2Department of Marine Biology, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran. AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Research Article: Antiproliferative activity of Portunus segnis muscle extract on apoptosis of colon cancer cell line (HT-29) Recently, marine natural products have had a critical role in the development of medicinal goods. The present study aimed to determine and compare in vitro effects of hexane, butanol, ethyl acetate, and water extracts of the muscle of Portunus segnis on a colon cancer cell line. In this experimental study, the HT29 colon cancer cell line was treated with various concentrations of crude extracts in three periods of 24, 48, and 72 h. HT29 viability was evaluated by Trypan Blue staining and MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry assays. Also, reactive oxygen species (ROS), lactate dehydrogenase, and caspase 3/7-9 activities were tested in butanol extract-treated HT29 cells. Bioactive compounds of butanol extract were analyzed by gas chromatography-mas spectrometry (GC-MS). Palmitoleic acid (4.83%), 9-octadecenoic acid (4.82%), docosane (4.66%) and eicosane (4.34%) were found in muscle butanol extract of P. segnis. The muscle butanol extract demonstrated an IC50 of 10.12±0.35 µg/mL, towards the cell line. The results also indicate that decreasing cell viability depends on both dose and time. The bioactive compounds led to a significant elevation in ROS production, as assessed by the measurement of fluorescence intensity in stained cells. Furthermore, activation of caspases-3/7 and -9 induced apoptosis. After treatment with the butanol extract compound, activation of caspases-3/7-9 was illustrated and confirmed the involvement of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. Butanol extract compounds of the muscle of P. segnis can be introduced as a potential candidate for the development of anticancer chemotherapeutic agents. http://jifro.ir/article-1-4190-en.pdf 2022-01-20 157 173 Portunus segnis Colon cancer LDH ROS Caspases 3/7 8 and 9. Z. sahebi Zahrasahebi1393@gmail.com 1 Department of Marine Biology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR M. Emtyazjoo moz-emtyazjoo@yahoo.com 2 Department of Marine Biology, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR P. Ghavam Mostafavi gh.mostafavi@gmail.com 3 Department of Marine Biology, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR S. Bonakdar shahinbonakdar@yahoo.com 4 National Cell Bank Department, Faculty of Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Research Article: Discrimination of six flathead fishes (Family: Platycephalidae) based on otolith morphology and morphometric features A taxonomic study on Kumococius rodericensis (Cuvier, 1829), Grammoplites suppositus (Troschel, 1840), G. scaber (Linnaeus, 1758), Sorsogona tuberculata (Cuvier, 1829), Platycephalus indicus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Cociella crocodilus (Cuvier, 1829) (family Platycephalidae) commonly occurring along the coast of India, was conducted to identify the traits which can easily differentiate the species. The study was based on samples (n=203) collected from landing centers of maritime states situated along the East and West coast of India from August 2015 to April 2016. In shape analysis no significant difference was observed at 95% level of confidence (p<0.05) between Left and right otolith and between male and female, so only the left otolith of all specimens considered for analysis for all species. The otolith of S. tuberculata was most rounded by 1.79 score among other species while otolith of C. crocodilus was more flat by 2.55 score. K. rodericensis and G. scaber had roundness score of more than 2.20 while G. suppositus and P. indicus had roundness scores less than 2.20. All species showed values of number of end points (points at the end of one pixel thick open branches) were zero except C. crocodilus that had a number of end points equal to 5, which showed that the periphery of otolith had five grooves larger than 1 pixel. The study disclosed a specific morphological and morphometric based characters of otolith that can be used to adjudicate the ambiguity in the flathead species. http://jifro.ir/article-1-4486-en.pdf 2022-01-20 174 186 Groove Morphometric Otolith Otolith periphery Aragonite V. Pathak vkspathak20@gmail.com 1 ICAR – Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai AUTHOR G. Kumari garimafishco@gmail.com 2 Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal AUTHOR S. Kumar Sharma shravansharmacofsn@gmail.com 3 Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute - Kolkata, West Bengal AUTHOR S. Bhushan shashi@cife.edu.in 4 Central Institute of Fisheries Education AUTHOR A.K. Jaiswar akjaiswarr@yahoo.com 5 Central Institute of Fisheries Education AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Research Article: Comparative protection of two antigens (whole-cell and outer membrane vesicle) of Yersinia ruckeri in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Yersinia ruckeri (Y. ruckeri)-associated disease remains a problem in fish farming, despite widespread vaccine use. Y. ruckeri is still one of the main causes of economic loss in the aquaculture industry. In this study, we developed outer membrane vesicles (OMV) as a new antigen and compared its efficacy with the classical antigen (whole-cell bacteria). Rainbow trouts were immunized with Y. ruckeri-derived OMVs and formalin-inactivated whole-cell bacteria by immersion route. The fish were then subjected to an intraperitoneal challenge with live bacteria during 2-10 weeks post-immunization. Subsequently, relative percentage of survival (RPS), antibody titer, lysozyme serum activity, lymphocyte percent and kidney pathological signs were evaluated. The OMV morphology was confirmed by electron microscopy. OMV and whole-cell bacteria immunized fish had higher RPS relative to the control group, but whole-cell bacteria resulted in higher RPS than the OMV group. Moreover, in the whole-cell bacteria group antibody titer was higher than the control and OMV groups. Lymphocyte percentage and lysozyme level in the whole-cell bacteria group was increased compared to OMV and control groups. Y. ruckeri's pathological damage was observed in the control group, while only eosinophilic secretions were identified for both immunized groups. These findings proved the protection of Y. ruckeri-derived OMV against Y. ruckeri, but whole-cell bacteria in the immersion method had a better effect on disease protection. http://jifro.ir/article-1-4569-en.pdf 2022-01-20 187 201 Rainbow trout Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) Yersinia ruckeri Whole-cell bacteria Immersion. A. Erfanmanesh erfanmanesh@yahoo.com 1 Animal Biological Product Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran Organization, Tehran, Iran. AUTHOR T. Mohajerfar t.mhjr@yahoo.com 2 Animal Biological Product Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran Organization, Tehran, Iran. AUTHOR D. Nikaein dnikaein@ut.ac.ir 3 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. AUTHOR A. Mokhtari a.mokhtari@ut.ac.ir 4 Animal Biological Product Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran Organization, Tehran, Iran. AUTHOR B. Beikzadeh b.beikzadeh@bio.ui.ac.ir 5 Animal Biological Product Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran Organization, Tehran, Iran. AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Research Article: Effect of mixture of Artemisia argyi and Houttuynia cordata Thunb extracts on growth performance, antioxidant activity, serum and hepatic lipid levels, and gut bacteria in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) Artemisia argyi and Houttuynia cordata Thunb are common herbs in most regions of China. In order to test their composite effect as additives on fish, the effects of their extracts mixture on growth performance, antioxidant activity, serum and hepatic lipid levels, and gut bacteria in juvenile grass carp were evaluated. 180 fish were divided into 9 tanks with 3 replicate tanks per treatment, and fed with a control diet (A0) or one of two treatment diets containing 500 (A1) or 1000 mg/kg (A2) mixture of extracts, with equal mass of A. argyi and H. cordata, for 8 weeks. Water flow rate was 8.0 L/min, and water quality parameters were in normal range. At the end of feeding trial, fish weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and survival rate showed no difference among all groups. Significantly higher catalase (CAT) activity and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content were observed in A1 and A2 groups. Serum triglyceride content was much lower in the A1 group and total cholesterol was lower in experimental groups compared with the control group. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the hepatic lipid droplets were smaller in the experimental groups. High-throughput sequencing identified 10 predominant phyla from gut samples, and Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria were the most dominant groups. Compared with the control group, in A1 group operational taxonomic unit (OTU) number, species richness (Chao1, and ACE), and α diversity (Shannon index) were higher, and gut bacteria composition was altered in A1 and A2 groups at phylum and genus levels. These results indicated that the extracts mixture of A. argyi and H. cordata can increase antioxidant activity, lower serum and hepatic lipid levels, and improve gut bacteria composition, which can be used as a green additive for grass carp. http://jifro.ir/article-1-4098-en.pdf 2022-01-20 202 219 Plant extracts Antioxidant Lipids Gut bacteria Grass carp Growth Fatty liver W. Liu 348746620@qq.com 1 Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences AUTHOR Y. Chen 78452225@qq.com 2 Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences AUTHOR X. Guo xiaoze206@126.com 3 Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences AUTHOR Y. Tang tangyqq@163.com 4 Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences AUTHOR H. Xiao 1471547498@qq.com 5 Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences AUTHOR Y. Liu 1286047099@qq.com 6 Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences AUTHOR T. Yang lkjm123123@126.com 7 Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences AUTHOR S. Li lisiming16@163.com 8 Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Research Article: Effect of phytogenic feed additive (Digestarom PEP) on growth performance, hematological parameters, immunity system, and carcass quality of giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy) There is a growing interest among researchers to use herbal supplementations in aquafeed to enhance growth performance as well as the immunity systems of aquatic animals. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of phytogenic feed additive (Digestarom PEP) on growth performance, chemical composition, hematological and immune responses of giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy). For this purpose, giant gourami with the average weight 3.1±0.2 g with selective experimental treatments included, control (0 g Digestarom PEP/kg), T1 PEP 0.5% (5 g Digestarom PEP/kg), T2 PEP 1% (10 g Digestarom PEP/kg), and T3 PEP 1.5% (15 g Digestarom PEP/kg) were feed for 60 days. Based on the growth performance results, a significant difference was observed in the specific growth rate (3.19 %/day), weight gain (18.47 g), and feed conversion factor (0.78) of PEP 1.5% treatment compared to other treatments (p<0.05). Based on the hematological results, there was a significant difference in the red and white blood cells numbers, neutrophil and monocyte percentages, and hematocrit level in PEP 1.5% treatment compared to other treatments (p <0.05). The levels of immune indices including lysozyme activity, IgM, complement proteins (C3 and C4) were significantly increased (p<0.05) in PEP 1.5% treatment compared to others, especially the control one. Also, there was a significant difference in the crude protein (15.37%) and lipid (3.87%) contents among PEP 1% and PEP 1.5% compared to control and PEP 0.5% (p<0.05). In conclusion, the results of this study showed that dietary administration of Digestrom™ PEP, especially at 1.5% concentration, could improve growth performance and innate immune responses of giant gourami.               http://jifro.ir/article-1-3996-en.pdf 2022-01-20 220 234 Digestrom PEP Growth promoter Immunostimulant. Osphronemus goramy B. Karimifar behnam_karimifar@yahoo.com 1 Department of Fisheries Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR H. Abdolhay hossein_abdolhay@yahoo.com 2 Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran AUTHOR F. Mohamadizadeh fmohammadi13@gmail.com 3 Department of Fisheries Science, Bandarabas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hormozgan, Iran AUTHOR M. Shamsaie Mehrgan drshamsaie@gmail.com 4 Department of Fisheries Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR S.P. Hosseini Shekarabi hosseini@srbiau.ac.ir 5 Department of Fisheries Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Research Article: Optimization of β-carotene production by an indigenous isolate of Dunaliella salina under salinity-gradient stress Dunaliella salina has significant industrial aspects, especially for the accumulation of high amounts of β-carotene, which is the main natural source in aquatic food webs. The first step of commercial production is accurate identification owing to phenotypic plasticity in the genus Dunaliella and lack of rigid cell wall. In this study, D. salina was isolated from Sirjan Kafe Namak of Iran when algal bloom had occurred and then identified based on morphological and molecular properties. Morphological characteristics bore a close resemblance to the species D. salina, including cell size, cup-shaped chloroplast, large basal pyrenoid, and stigma position. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (~700 bp) corroborated morphological features by confirming the isolate at the species level. Under five different salinity concentrations, this strain could accumulate β-carotene in the range of 0.51-2.78 μg/mL with optimum growth at 2 M NaCl comparable with reported data for D. salina. http://jifro.ir/article-1-4574-en.pdf 2022-01-20 235 246 Dunaliella Internal transcribed spacer Salinity tolerance Sirjan Iran F. Salehipour-Bavarsad 1 Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. AUTHOR H. Riahi h-riahi@sbu.ac.ir 2 Faculty of Life science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR M.A. Hejazi 3 Department of Food Biotechnology, Branch for Northwest and West Region, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tabriz, Iran. AUTHOR Z. Shariatmadari 4 Faculty of Life science and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Research Article: Population dynamics of Gray eel catfish (Plotosus canius Hamilton, 1822) at mangrove estuary in Bangladesh Present study emphasizing the population dynamics parameters of Gray eel catfish (Plotosus canius) that was scrutinized based on monthly length frequency data collected from mangrove estuary, Bangladesh from January 2017 to December 2018. A total amount of 1298 specimens was collected to estimate the total length (TL) and weight (W) of P. canius ranged from 13.3cm to 87.4cm and 28g to 5200g respectively. The length-weight relationship was W=0.006 L2.95 with R2=0.972 for both sexes. The von Bertalanffy growth function parameters were L∞=93.25cm and K=0.28yr-1, hypothetical age at zero length of t0=0.059 year and goodness of the fit of Rn=0.494. The growth performances indices for L∞ and W∞ were computed as Ø'=3.386 and Ø=1.84 respectively. The natural mortality was 0.51yr-1 at average annual water surface temperature as 22°C. The total instantaneous mortality was 1.24yr-1 at CI95% of 1.05–1.42 (r2=0.986). While fishing mortality was 0.73yr-1 and the current exploitation ratio as 0.59. The recruitment was continued throughout the year with one major peak during June-July was 17.20-17.96%. The Beverton-Holt yield per recruit model was analyzed by FiSAT-II, when tc was at 1.443 yr, the Fmax was estimated as 0.6yr-1 and F0.1 was 0.33yr-1. At the age of 0.6 year, Fcurrent was 0.74yr-1 that is beyond the F0.1 that specified the current stock of P. canius of Bangladesh was over-exploited. http://jifro.ir/article-1-4305-en.pdf 2022-01-20 247 263 Plotosus canius Mangrove estuary Asymptotic length Growth Mortality Bangladesh A.F. Rabby ahmed.bfri@gmail.com 1 Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute AUTHOR M.A. Haque ashrafbfri@gmail.com 2 Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute AUTHOR M.A. Islam amirulbfribs@yahoo.com 3 Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Riverine Sub-Station, Khepupara, Bangladesh AUTHOR S.J. Hasan ny_hasan80@yahoo.com 4 Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute AUTHOR M.A. Rahman Ahmed.sau31@yahoo.com 5 Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Riverine Station, Chandpur, Bangladesh AUTHOR Y. Mahmud 6 Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Mymensingh, Bangladesh AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Research Article: Ultrastructure and histology of reproductive system in the free-living marine nematode (Oncholaimus campylocercoides) with reference to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) pollution in Persian Gulf Marine nematodes are the most important sediment living invertebrates. Free living nematodes are considered as bio indicators in coastal areas. Many pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls may affect their physiological process. The present study is conducted to describe physiological and histological pattern of marine nematode (Oncholaimus campylocercoides) from north Persian Gulf. Three locations with different concentrations of PCBs were selected in Bandar Abbas for sampling. Sex steroid hormones (progesterone, testosterone and 17-B estradiol) were analysed after separation and purification of marine nematodes from sediments. Moreover, fine structures of ovocyte and spermatozoa were studied after histological observation. Results showed that sex ratios were F(1): M(0.97), F(1): M (0.9), F(1): M(0.5) in locations with 0.01, 0.02 and 0.1 µg/mL tissue PCB concentrations, respectively. Level of 17 β-estradiol (1.2±0.07pg/mL) in females at the location with 0.1 µg/mL PCB (power plant) was significantly higher than that in other two sampling locations. Also high level of testosterone (0.4±0.07 pg/mL) was observed in males and females at the polluted sampling site compared with that in other two locations. Histological study showed that in the location with high PCBs, there was an obvious increase in size of oocytes. We concluded that PCBs can affect sex steroid changes as endocride disruptors in Oncholaimus campylocercoides. Results of this study supported findings of previous studies on PCB endocrine disrupting roles in marine organisms. http://jifro.ir/article-1-4526-en.pdf 2022-01-20 264 287 Sex steroids Ultrastructure Nematode Oncholaimus campylocercoides Persian Gulf Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) H. Hosseinzadeh h_hosseinzadeh@yahoo.com 1 Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR N. Sahraeiyan fereshtehs@gmail.com 2 Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR H. Mosallanejad hmosalla@gmail.com 3 Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Research Article: Effects of turmeric (Curcuma longa) on growth parameters and expression of growth–related genes (GH and IGF) in juvenile sevruga (Acipenser stellatus) Considering development of dense aquaculture systems and necessity of using herbs as growth stimulants, the present investigation aimed to explore the effect of different levels of turmeric feed supplement on growth indicators and expression of some growth genes in juvenile sevruga (Acipenser stellatus). Duration of the experiment was 60 days. For this purpose, 120 fish were distributed in to 12 fiberglass tanks (2000L) with average weight of 45±0.5 g and length of 26±0.5 cm. The fish were fed in 4 groups with 4 experimental diets containing different levels of turmeric with 0, 0.5, 1 and 2% formulations. At the end of the trial (60 day), growth indicators and expression of growth genes were evaluated. The results revealed that with increasing dosage of turmeric at concentration of 2%, dietary growth index increased significantly (p<0.05). Also, dose elevation of 2% turmeric in the diet increased expression of growth genes (GH, IGF), though no significant difference was observed among treatments (p>0.05). According to the results of this study, use of 2% turmeric powder in the diet is suggested to improve growth indicators and expression of growth genes in juvenile sevruga (Acipenser stellatus). http://jifro.ir/article-1-4560-en.pdf 2022-01-20 288 300 Juvenile sevruga (Acipenser stellatus) Turmeric Growth performance Growth genes E. Gholian gholian.elham@gmail.com 1 Department of Aquacaulture, Babol Branch. Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran AUTHOR S.M. Hoseinifard sm_hosseinifard@yahoo.com 2 Department of Aquacaulture, Babol Branch. Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran AUTHOR S. Ghobadi shgh_science@yahoo.com 3 Department of Aquacaulture, Babol Branch. Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran AUTHOR R. Changizi changizi@baboliau.ac.ir 4 Department of Aquacaulture, Babol Branch. Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran AUTHOR H. Manouchehri hdmanuchehri@gmail.com 5 Department of Aquacaulture, Babol Branch. Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Research Article: Evaluation of killed vaccine efficacy on hematology parameters and IgM assay of Acipenser stellatus (Pallas, 1771) challenged with Nervous Necrosis Virus (NNV) Vaccination is considered the most effective, environmentally friendly and cost-effective way of protecting commercial finfish species against infectious diseases with high economic impacts. Efficacy of a new inactivated VNN vaccine through heat-inactivated nervous necrosis virus (NNV) combined with three types of adjuvants was assessed in 7 g juvenile of Acipenser stellatus Pallas, 1771 as a laboratory model. Ten groups of 30 numerical were considered in 18 aquariums using both immersion and injection routes in the form of 4 types of vaccines. Vaccination was performed in two stages one month apart, and one month after the second replication, exposure to the live virus was performed. During this period, the mortality rate of immersion and injection groups was 12.9% and 19.8%, respectively, compared to 100% mortality in the control group. Sampling was performed in four stages before the first vaccination in the adaptation period, after the first vaccination, after the second replication and after exposure to live virus. Blood samples were measured to evaluate changes in blood factors (red blood cell count, white blood cell count, hematocrit and hemoglobin) and immunity factors (immunoglobulin, superoxide dismutase, lysozyme).In order to prove the virulence of the viral sample (supernatant) used in exposure, the pathogenicity of VNN virus isolated from infected Caspian Sea mullet with (TCID50 ) was examined in several guppies. One month after the second repetition of fish, all treatments were exposed to the acute virus sample (supernatant) and after one month, their survival percentage, blood factors and safety were measured. The results of this study showed that immersion vaccination in the vaccinated group containing IMS 1312 SEPPIC adjuvant significantly showed higher levels of IgM compared to other groups equal to 0/35   (P<0.05). This is consistent with the results of hemoglobin 40.6  (P<0.05), which proves the better efficacy of this type of vaccine compared to other vaccines tested in this study. Based on the results of this study, a vaccine killed with 75% IMS 1312 SEPPIC adjuvant can be recommended for vaccination against VNN. http://jifro.ir/article-1-4436-en.pdf 2022-01-20 301 315 Acipenser stellatus ELISA Immunization Nervous Necrosis Virus Vaccination E. Afsharipour dr.a.afshar6@gmail.com 1 Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Research and Science Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hesarak, Tehran, I.R. Iran AUTHOR G. Azari Takami takami85@hotmail.com 2 Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Research and Science Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hesarak, Tehran, I.R. Iran AUTHOR M.J. Zorriehzahra zorrieh@yahoo.com 3 Department of Scientific Information and Communication, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, I.R. Iran AUTHOR A.A. Motallebi abbasalimotallebi@gmail.com 4 Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Research and Science Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hesarak, Tehran, I.R. Iran AUTHOR Sh. kakoolaki bsh443@gmail.com 5 Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI) Agricultural research education and extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran AUTHOR