OTHERS_CITABLE Parasitic infection among larvae and fingerlings of the Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) in Vniro tanks and earthen ponds  This study was conducted in two phases on sturgeon larvae and fingerlings produced from artificial breeding of five pairs of the Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) broodstocks in Shahid Beheshti Hatchery in spring and summer 2006. Initially, 600 larvae were collected on 3 post days hatching (pdh) and 5 days after the onset of exogenous feeding. The second phase was conducted with 450 specimens collected from five earthen ponds, which included 150 larvae collected one week after stocking, 150 fingerlings collected 20 days after stocking and 150 fingerlings collected at the time of their release into rivers. No parasite was observed in the sturgeon larvae on day 3 pdh and 5 days after the onset of exogenous feeding. However Trichodina reticulata were observed in the larvae in the first week (prevalence = 10 - 20%) and also in the fingerlings (prevalence = 10 - 46.67%) 20 days after they were transferred to the earthen ponds. At the time of their release into the river, in addition to T. reticulata (prevalence = 13.33 – 100%) a digenean trematode, Diplostomum spathaceum, (prevalence = 6.67 - 30%) was also observed in the sturgeon fingerlings. It is evident from the present study that Trichodina and Diplostomum infection occurs after fingerlings are released into the earthen ponds and gradually increases with the progress in the rearing period. Increase in prevalence of Trichodina infection through the rearing period can be explained by the increase in water temperature and increase in dissolved organic matter in the ponds which provide the desirable conditions for the propagation of this unicellular ciliate. Significant differences were observed in the mean intensity of T. reticulata infection in sturgeon fingerlings during different stages of rearing into earthen ponds (P<0.05). http://jifro.ir/article-1-70-en.pdf 2015-09-13 342 351 Acipenser persicus Parasite Larvae Fingerling Trichodina reticulata Diplostomum spathaceum S. Bazari Moghaddam bazari-moghaddam@sturgeon.ir 1 AUTHOR B. Mokhayer 2 AUTHOR M. Masoumian 3 AUTHOR A. Shenavar Masouleh 4 AUTHOR J. Jalilpour 5 AUTHOR M. Masoumzadeh 6 AUTHOR M. Alizadeh 7 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Effect of Zataria multiflora Boiss essential oil on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in the light salted fillets of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) The effects of different concentrations of Zataria multiflora  essential oils at concentrations of 0, 0.005, 0.015, 0.045, 0.135, 0.405 and 0.810% on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus were studied in a food model system, light salted fillets of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) at storage temperature of 10ºC for 21 days. The results showed that there was no significant difference in bacterial growth between samples treated with different concentrations of Z. multiflora  essential oil and control group immediately post-inoculation. However, there was significant difference in growth of S. aureus  between samples treated with concentration of 0.135 of Z. multiflora  essential oil and control samples (P<0.05) on 2 and 6 days post-storage. No significant difference was observed on the growth of S. aureus in samples treated with lower concentrations of Z. multiflora  (below 0.045%) compared with control group (P>0.05) except of 1-day post-storage. The most inhibitorial effects were observed in the samples treated with 0.405% and 0.8 10% of Z. multiflora  essential oil up to 9 and 12 days post- storage, respectively.  http://jifro.ir/article-1-38-en.pdf 2015-09-13 352 359 Staphylococcus aureus Light salting Silver carp fillet Zataria multiflora essential N. Choobkar Nchoobkar@iauksh.ac.ir 1 AUTHOR M. Soltani 2 AUTHOR H. A. Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi 3 AUTHOR A. Akhonzadeh Basti 4 AUTHOR A. Matinfar 5 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Growth comparison between post-larvae from cultured and wild spawners of Indian white shrimp, Penaeus indicus, in commercial farms in north Persian Gulf, Bushehr, Iran  Post larvae of wild and cultured spawners of the Indian white shrimp (Penaeus indicus, Milne Edwards, 1837) were reared to market size, in commercial ponds of shrimp farming site of Helleh, in Bushehr Province, during a six months period. Environmental factors, management process and the diet used to feed shrimps were almost similar for both treatments. Averages of the weight, length, specific growth rate, food conversion ratio and survival rate were measured and compared between the two treatments at harvesting time. Results indicated that, the post larvae of wild spawners had better growth, higher survival rate, and lower food conversion ratio. Weight gain of abdominal portion of the body, was higher in wild post larvae (P<0.01), which was in contrast to cephalothorax weight (P<0.01). Length-weight relationship measurements illustrated that, cultured post larvae obtained from wild spawners had similar size and were more acceptable for the market. Broodstock background could be the main reason for given differences, in which, those captured from the sea, had better condition due to receiving appropriate food with higher genetic diversity. To produce high quality post larvae for the expanding shrimp farming industry as an economic activity in the country, it is suggested that broodstocks to be obtained either from the sea as sub-adults or matured spawners, or to be provide from culturing shrimps, raised in conditions closest to the nature (i.e., ambient factors, prepared diets) and also with appropriate genetic diversity. http://jifro.ir/article-1-71-en.pdf 2015-09-13 360 367 Shrimp culture Penaeus indicus Wild broodstocks Cultured broodstocks Persian Gulf H. Emadi Emadihossein@yahoo.com 1 AUTHOR N. Mooraki 2 AUTHOR A. Matinfar 3 AUTHOR H. Negarestan 4 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE The fluctuations of physicochemical factors and phytoplankton populations of Urmia Lake, Iran    Urmia Lake is one of the two large hypersaline lakes in the world which have Artemia. It is located in northwest of Iran. Due to a decrease in water inflow and volume, the salinity of Urmia Lake has reached to more than 300 g.l-1 since 2001. The increased salinity has greatly influenced biological aspects of the lake, and caused the lake undergoes at critical conduction. The aim of the present study was to investigate the distribution fluctuations of phytoplanktons and selected physicochemical factors in relation to Artemia distribution in Urmia Lake during 8 months. Statistical analysis of mean values of ion concentrations and phytoplankton abundance indicated significant differences among sampling months. The minimum and maximum values for the selected factors were, as Cl- 176.2-201.3 g.l-1 , CO2 95-175mg.l-1 , dissolved oxygen (DO) 0.1-2.8 mg.l-1 , HCO3 - 144-496 mg.l-1 , PO42+ 104-875 mg.l-1, NO3- 330-4104 mg.l-1, NO2- 4-21.5 mg.l-1, SO42- 10490-29840 mg.l-1, Ca2+ 561-1606 mg.l-1, Mg2+ 3649-14587 mg.l-1 while water hardness was 21000- 62000 mg.l-1. Fourteen phytoplankton genera included Bacillariophyceae (10 genera),Chlorophyceae (2 genera) and Cyanophyceae (2 genera) were identified during sampling period. The smallest average density of phytoplankton 97249 L-1 was observed in December 2005 and the greatest average density 481983 L-1 in August 2005. Dunaliella sp. composed 92.1% of the lake's phytoplankton. Statistical analysis of phytoplanktons fluctuations showed a significant difference among different months (p< 0.05). http://jifro.ir/article-1-35-en.pdf 2015-09-13 361 381 Urmia Lake Physicochemical Phytoplankton Iran. L. Esmaeili Dahesht l_smaili@yahoo.com 1 AUTHOR H. Negarestan 2 AUTHOR A. Eimanifar 3 AUTHOR F. Mohebbi 4 AUTHOR R. Ahmadi 5 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Seasonal and regional distribution of phytoplankton in the southern Caspian Sea  Seasonal distribution of species composition, cell abundance and biomass of phytoplankton of the Caspian Sea were investigated in 2005. This survey were fulfilled in 6 transects and 26 stations A total of 260 samples were collected during winter to autumn in the southern part of Caspian Sea. Totally, 163 species of phytoplankton were identified (71 species Bacillariophyta, 31 species Chlorophyta, 27 species Cyanophyta, 21 species Pyrrophyta, and 13 species Euglenophyta). Cell abundance and biomass of Bacillariophyta were high in centre, while biomass and cell abundance of Pyrrophyta were dominant in the middle as well as parts of the Sea, respectively. The overall total average of cell abundance and biomass of phytoplankton were 56.30± 30.97 ×106cells/m3 and 221.70±75.87 mg/m3, respectively. Bacillariophyta accounted for 47% in cell abundance, and Pyrrophyta consisted of 53% of the phytoplankton biomass. Maximum phytoplankton population was recorded in winter due to Bacillariophyta and the maximum biomass in spring due to Pyrrophyta. The maximum density of Bacillariophyta was in winter and autumn while maximum biomass was observed in spring due to bigger size of Bacillariophyta such as Rhizosolenia calcar avis and Nitzschia sigmoidea followed by Pyrrophyta with high cell abundance throughout the year. http://jifro.ir/article-1-55-en.pdf 2015-09-13 382 401 Phytoplankton Seasonal distribution Biomass Cell abundance Caspian Sea A. Ganjian aganjian2002@yahoo.com 1 AUTHOR W. O. Wan Maznah 2 AUTHOR K. Yahya 3 AUTHOR H. Fazli 4 AUTHOR M. Vahedi 5 AUTHOR A. Roohi 6 AUTHOR S. M. V. Farabi 7 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Reproductive biology of the golden grey mullet, Liza aurata in the Iranian coastal waters of the Caspian Sea  The paper focuses on some of the biological characteristics of golden grey mullet, Liza aurata in Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea. Samples of commercial catch of mullet obtained by means of beach seine fishing cooperatives along the Iranian coasts of Caspian Sea (2007-2008) as monthly interval. Samples subjected to biometric measurement to specify their biological characteristics. The male/female ratio in the present study was 1:1.22 which deviated significantly from 1:1common sex ratio (X2=7.7, Sig, level=0.006). During this study, the peak of the spawning time for golden grey mullet occurred in October in waters off- Guilan shore whereas it occurred in November off Mazandaran and Golestan provinces. The highest Gonado-Somatic Index (GSI) was found to occur during late September and October which declined to its lowest level in November and December and remained relatively stable during January to April. Therefore spawning of L.aurata started earlier in Guilan and ended later in Golestan Province.The average absolute fecundity of the golden grey mullet was 700881 429987 ( SD) eggs with a range of 200112 and 2282862 eggs. The length of female at 50% sexual maturity of golden grey mullet was estimated 28.4 cm. http://jifro.ir/article-1-54-en.pdf 2015-09-13 402 411 Liza aurata Gonado-Somatic index Fecundity Sex ratio Caspian Sea Iran D. Ghaninejad d_ghaninejad@yahoo.com 1 AUTHOR S. Abdolmalaki 2 AUTHOR Z. M. Kuliyev 3 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Effect of whey protein coating on Physic-Chemical properties of gutted Kilka during frozen storage  The a im of th is paper was to study the effects w hey pro t e in c oat i ng on ch e m ic al a nd physic al properties of gut t ed K i l ka dur i ng f roz en stor a ge. Coating of Kilka has done by dipping in whey protein solution with different concentrations of 3, 7, 10 and 13%, for 1h. Then, after being packed in polyethylene dishes, they were covered in cellophane blanket and stored in -18°C. There were 125 testing and control packages, each of them weight 250grams. Heme iron, peroxide value, protein, lipid and pH has measured after 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 months storage in freezer. R e s u l ts of h e me iron, p e roxi de v a l ue and lipid of control tr e at m ents h a ve s hown s i gni f icant difference among ex p e r i m ent al tr e at m ents (p0.05). Our results showed that coating process with di ff e r e nt whey pro t e in con c entrat i on leads to decrease in peroxide value and increases the iron content. 13% whey protein concentration was provided the most satisfactory results. http://jifro.ir/article-1-53-en.pdf 2015-09-13 412 421 Edible films and coatings Whey protein Kilka fish Heme iron Lipid oxidation A. Hasanzati Rostami arostami306@gmail.com 1 AUTHOR A. A. Motallebi 2 AUTHOR A. A. Khanipour 3 AUTHOR M. Soltani 4 AUTHOR N. Khanedan 5 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Population dynamics and biological characteristics of kilka species (Pisces: Clupeonidae) in southeastern coast of the Caspian Sea   The aim of the present study was to investigate the age structure, length-weight relationship, sex ratio, sexual maturity stages, growth parameters, natural and fishing mortality coefficients of three species of kilka including common, anchovy and bigeye kilka. The fork length–weight relationship of common, anchovy and bigeye kilka were calculated as W=0.000153 FL2.37, W=0.000349 FL2.18 and W=0.00160 FL2.97, respectively. The parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth curve for length were L∞ = 143.5 mm, K = 0.30 yr-1 and t0 = -1.02 yr for common kilka L∞ = 151.9 mm, K = 0.28 yr-1 and t0 = -1.12 yr for anchovy kilka L∞ = 148.6 mm, K = 0.46 yr-1 and t0 = -0.18 yr for bigeye kilka. The instantaneous coefficient of natural mortality of common, anchovy and bigeye kilka were estimated as 0.671, 0.633 and 0.881 yr-1, respectively. The current exploitation rates of three species were estimated as 0.55, 0.41 and 0.26, respectively. The results suggest that common kilka stock is under over-fishing now. http://jifro.ir/article-1-39-en.pdf 2015-09-13 422 433 Clupeonella cultriventris caspia C. engrauliformis C. grimmi Growth Sexual maturity stage G. Karimzadeh karimzadehg@yahoo.com 1 AUTHOR B. Gabrielyan 2 AUTHOR H. Fazli 3 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Hematological changes in Tinca tinca after exposure to lethal and sublethal doses of Mercury, Cadmium and Lead Tench, Tinca tinca, were exposed to three treatments (one acute lethal 96 hrs Lc50/48 hrs and two chronic sublethal 10 and 25% Lc50/504 hrs) each of Mercury, Cadmium and Lead and its behaviour as an indicator of impaired hematology was studied. It was observed that impairments in hematological parameters (increased/decreased Hct, Hb, RBC, WBC and Lct) were reflected in behaviour of fish in the form of hyperactivity, increased breathing, accelerated ventilation with rapid arrhythmic opercular and mouth movement, frequent surfacing and sinking, erratic swimming, gradual onset of inactivity, lethargy, loss of equilibrium, revolving and convulsion on exposure to heavy metal treatments. It was concluded that possibly four physiological systems (i) faulty gaseous exchange at gills, (ii) stress mediated hormonal imbalance, (iii) impaired osmoregulation and (iv) disturbed metabolism were involved in hematological impairments and their reflection in the behaviour of fish. http://jifro.ir/article-1-37-en.pdf 2015-09-13 434 443 Behaviour Hematology Tinca tinca Heavy metals S. Lal Shah drsyed_1@yahoo.com 1 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Fluctuation in density of ciliates in Bukan dam reservoir ,Zarrinehrud, Iran  The abundance and species composition of ciliates were analyzed in the Bukan Dam Reservoir (West Azerbaijan, Iran) from January to December 2008. Surface water samples were collected at monthly intervals from the middle (Stations 1 and 3) and shallow (Stations 2 and 4) areas of the lake. Three samples were taken in the water column using a 5-litre sampler. Totally 30 liters water was collected, 200 ml of which was fixed immediately with 8.6 ml of a saturated HgCl2 solution and stained with 0.04% bromophenol blue. Three subsamples were counted in a 5-ml chamber and examined with a microscope (100 x) as well as Chlorophyll a and a few ecological parameters such as dissolved oxygen, pH, transperancy and water temperature were measured. Totally 50 ciliates species were found in Bukan Dam Reservoir. Regarding the density, a high-density period was detected from January to April with a mean density of 2.86 x 103 cells.l-1 Ciliata at stations 1 and 3 and 4.16 x 103 cells.l-1 at stations 2 and 4. The high density of ciliate in summer may be due to the increase in the density of bacteria and moderate metazooplankton as a result of the appearance of non-edible algae . The ciliata occurring at the highest densities were Coleps tessellates, Didinium nasutum, Paradileptus elephantinus, Stentor polymorphus, Zosterograptus labiatus, Paramecium bursaria, Cyclidium citrullus, Vorticella campanula, Halteria grandinella and Aspidisca costata. The maximum and minimum chlorophyll a values observed at the reservoir water were 10.39 µg.l-l and 1.0 µg.l-l being obtained in May and Octobor respectively. http://jifro.ir/article-1-72-en.pdf 2015-09-13 444 453 Ciliata density West Azerbaijan bukan dam reservoir Iran A. Mohsenpour Azary ali1345176@yahoo.com 1 AUTHOR R. Ahmadi 2 AUTHOR F. Mohebbi 3 AUTHOR A.A. Motallebi 4 AUTHOR F.Q. Agamaliyev 5 AUTHOR A.R. Aliyev 6 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Karyotype analysis in white bream (Blicca bjoerkna transcaucasica) from north coast of Iran   Preparation of chromosome spreads and karyotype analysis in Blicca bjoerkna transcaucasica were carried out using 0.01% solution of colchicines and Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) (20 µg g-1 body weight). The gill and kidney tissues were collected and let to stand in a hypotonic solution of 0.075 M KCl and then treated with a fixative (Carnoy's solution) in three steps. The chromosomes spreads were then stained with 5% Giemsa solution for 20 min and examined under a light microscope. Appropriate metaphase plates were photographed in order to prepare karyotype. The size of the chromosomes (short and long arms), relative length of chromosomes and centromere index were calculated. Chromosome spreads from gill tissue cultures which were colchicine treated with PHA, had a well defined size, shape and number of chromosomes for karyotype analysis. Based on the 76 metaphase plates studied, chromosome count in 59 metaphase plates was 2n=49.74±0.25. By arranging homologous chromosomes beside each other the chromosome formula was calculated as 6 pairs of Metacentric, 10 pairs of Sub-Metacentric and 9 pairs of Sub-Telocentric (2n=6M+10+Sm+9St) and the chromosome arm number (NF) was 100. The largest chromosome in this species was a pair of metacentric chromosomes. On the basis of the number and type of chromosomes, the karyotype obtained for this species conformed to the findings of other researchers, but the chromosome formula was different, which could be attributed to the existence of different populations for this species. http://jifro.ir/article-1-73-en.pdf 2015-09-13 454 463 Blicca bjoerkna transcaucasica Phytohaemagglutinin Colchicines Karyotype M. Pourkazemi pkazemi_m@yahoo.com 1 AUTHOR S. Nazari 2 AUTHOR S. Bakhshalizadeh 3 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Occurrence of parasites in selected fish species in Gandoman Lagoon,Iran  This study was carried out to investigate occurrence of parasite in selected cyprinid fish species in Gandoman Lagoon, in the vicinity of Gandoman City, Chaharmahal & Bakhtyari Province. A total of 90 fish specimens including Cyprinus carpio, Carassius auratus gibelio, Capoeta aculeata , C.damascina, Chondrostoma regium and Alburnus alburnus from Gandoman were examined during spring and summer 2007. Ten species of parasites were found, including Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Trichodina sp. (Cilliophora), Myxobolus musayevi, Myxobolus sp. (Myxozoa), Dactylogyrus extensus, D.lenkorani (Monogenea), Diplostomum spathaceum, Tylodelphys clavata (Digenea). Argulus foliaceus and Lernea cyprinacea (Crustaceans). 77.7% of fishes were infected to parasites and 22.3 % did not show any infection. Chondrostoma regium and Alburnus alburnus are reported as new hosts for D. extensus. http://jifro.ir/article-1-36-en.pdf 2015-09-13 464 471 Fish parasites Gandoman Lagoon Chaharmahal & Bakhtyari Iran. M. Raissy mehdi.raissy@iaushk.ac.ir 1 AUTHOR M. Ansari 2 AUTHOR A. Lashkari 3 AUTHOR B. Jalali 4 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Occurrence and histopathology of Ascocotyle tenuicollis metacercaria in gill of platyfish (Xiphophorus maculatus) imported to Iran The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of metacercarial infection in plathyfish imported to Iran. A total of 100 imported live common platyfish (Xiphophorus maculatus) from approximately 24 shipments were collected from a quarantine facility in Iran in 2007 and examined in our veterinary laboratory. Among 800 examined gill arches about 1300 cysts were found in different locations of gill filaments and were identified as a heterophyid parasite metacercaria Ascocotyle (Ascocotyle) tenuicollis  Price, 1935. The prevalence of  this parasite was 58%, the maximum and minimum quantity of metacercarial cysts per infected platyfish were 70 and 10, respectively. The adult worms are non-pathogenic and are intestinal parasites of piscivorous birds (e.g. Heron and Egret) and mammals. The first intermediate hosts are snails and the second intermediate hosts are centrarchiid, cyprinodontid, mugilid, and poeciliid  fishes. Histopathologic examination of the infected fish gills revealed cartilage proliferation around metacercarial cysts, hyperplasia, hypertrophy and fusion in the affected gill filaments. To our knowledge, this is the first report of infection with Ascocotyle tenuicollis  in the imported platyfish in Iran. http://jifro.ir/article-1-56-en.pdf 2015-09-13 472 477 Metacecaria Platyfish Gill Pathology Ascocotyle Iran B. Shoaibi Omrani drshoaibi74@hotmail.com 1 AUTHOR H. A. Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi 2 AUTHOR I. Sharifpour 3 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE The impact of captivity on fertilization, cortisol and glucose levels in plasma in kutum broodstock   Gravid wild kutum broodstock, Rutilus frisii kutum, on their upstream migration to Valiabad River (northern Iran) were kept in captivity to allow them to ovulate (captive ripe). Then the impact of captivity on some reproductive and physiological parameters (i.e., plasma cortisol and glucose levels, fertilization percentage, gonadosomatic index and fecundity) were assessed and results were compared with those obtained from naturally ovulated broodstock (ripe). Plasma cortisol level was not significantly different between gravid and captive ripe broodstock but was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that in ripe group. Glucose level was significantly higher (P<0.05) in captive ripe compared to that in ripe or gravid groups. Mean gonadosomatic index, fecundity, and fertilization rate did not affect as a result of stress by captivity. Inverse relationship between plasma cortisol levels and fertilization rate was observed. http://jifro.ir/article-1-76-en.pdf 2015-09-13 478 484 Captivity Cortisol Fertilization rate Glucose Stress Kutum M. Yasemi yasemi_m@yahoo.com 1 AUTHOR M. Nikoo 2 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Short communication: The first record of Philometra rischta (Nematoda: Philometridae) in Blicca bjoerkna of Anzali wetland, Iran   The aim of the present study was to report Philometra rischta from Blicca bjoerkna from the Caspian Sea. During this study, from August (2008) to April (2009), 78 fish specimens were collected and transferred to the aquatic research laboratory of Shahid Beheshti University and were examined for parasitic infection. Parasites were fixed in formalin (10%). The parasites were indentified according to standard keys (Moravec, 1994, 1998). Prevalence (total of infected fish per total of fish) and mean intensity (number of parasite per total of infected of fish) were calculated for this parasite. http://jifro.ir/article-1-75-en.pdf 2015-09-13 485 488 Philometridae Blicca bjoerkna Caspian Sea Iran F. Tajbakhsh 1 AUTHOR J. Pazooki pazooki2001@yahoo.com 2 AUTHOR M. Masoumian 3 AUTHOR J. Daghigh Rouhi 4 AUTHOR