OTHERS_CITABLE The effects of oxygen supplementation on growth and survival of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in different stocking densities In this study, the effects of oxygen supplementation in different stocking densities of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on the specific growth rates (SGR), feed conversion ratios (FCR) and survival rates were investigated in a commercial-scale culture system. High density cultures were maintained in a total of nine (12 m3) flow-through systems supplemented with O2. Initial stocking rates for 3 different treatments with three replicates were 26.88±0.30 (low density), 36.72±0.26 (medium density) and 55.03±0.14kg m-3 (high density), corresponding to a total of 5800, 8000 and 12000 fish/tank, respectively. Water flow rate for each tank was maintained at 11±1.1 L sec-1 (660 L min-1) over the study period for each raceway, and the temperature was 12.3±0.8°C throughout the experimental period. At the end of the study, there were no significant differences in the survival rates and SGR among treatments (p>0.05). However, FCR was negatively affected in the high density treatment (p<0.05). Overall, our results indicated that oxygen supplementation supported fish growth and survival in high stocking densities. However, high production cost is prohibitive and further studies are required to reduce costs. http://jifro.ir/article-1-1014-en.pdf 2015-07-29 538 545 Rainbow trout Intensive culture Stocking density Oxygen supplementation S Bilen soner_bilen@yahoo.com 1 AUTHOR A.M. Bilen 2 AUTHOR U Önal 3 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Determination of plasma vitellogenin levels and localization of vitellogenin in liver of Lake Van pearl mullet (Chalcalburnus tarichi Pallas, 1811) This study focused on hepatosomatic and gonadosomatic index and levels of plasma 17β-estradiol (E2), vitellogenin (Vtg) and total protein and determined the localization of Vtg in the liver during vitellogenesis in female Chalcalburnus tarichi, an endemic cyprinid species living in the Lake Van, Turkey. The levels of plasma E2, Vtg and total protein in female fish increased during vitellogenesis and they are positively correlated with each other. According to the results from the female fish, the lowest levels of E2 and Vtg were measured in December at 120.60±23.38 pg ml-1 and 1.10±0.26 mg ml-1, respectively. The highest levels of plasma E2 and Vtg were in May (833.40±211.58 pg ml-1) and April (31.31±4.9 mg ml-1), respectively. The Vtg-positive hepatocytes were not uniform in liver of fishes. Generally, the hepatocytes surrounding the portal and central veins were strongly Vtg positive. These results showed that plasma Vtg levels in female fish increased during vitellogenesis related to plasma E2 and gonadosomatic index. http://jifro.ir/article-1-913-en.pdf 2015-07-29 546 554 Vitellogenesis 17β-estradiol Gonadosomatic index Chalcalburnus tarichi Lake Van A.R. Oğuz ahmetoguz@yyu.edu.tr 1 AUTHOR G Ünal 2 AUTHOR B Kaptaner 3 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Isolation, identification and characterization of new luminous bacteria from Chah Bahar Port, southern marine habitat of Iran Coastal region of Chah Bahar port, Sea of Oman, was screened for the presence of bioluminescence bacteria for the first time. Water samples were taken from surface and subsurface layers and immediately spread on nutrient seawater complete (SWC) agar. Luminous colonies were observed after an overnight incubation at 25°C. Among twenty luminous isolates, four of them were selected for preliminary bacterial identification based on morphological and physiological characteristics. 16S rRNA genes of selected bacteria were then sequenced in order to be submitted in GeneBank database as new strains and performing phylogenetic analysis. Four different submitted bacterial strains are as follow, Vibrio sp. Persian 1, Vibrio sp. Persian 2, Vibrio sp. Persian 3, and Vibrio sp. Persian 4 with accession numbers of KC505639, KC765088, KC765089, and KC896417, respectively. Light emission of isolated luminous bacteria was measured using luminometer. Vibrio sp. Persian 1was found as the best light emitter with counts per second/OD 600 nm equal to 10 × 10 6 RLU/Sec/OD. Isolated Vibrio species were tested for their ability to form biofilm. Vibrio sp. Persian 3 showed weak ability to produce biofilm while other species were considered as moderate biofilm producers. http://jifro.ir/article-1-1022-en.pdf 2015-07-29 555 566 Bioluminescence 16S rRNA genes Vibrio Luminometer Biofilm. L Jabalameli laji85@yahoo.com 1 AUTHOR M. R Razavi 2 AUTHOR S Hosseinkhani 3 AUTHOR A Akhavan Sepahi 4 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Growth performance of Indian minor carp Labeo bata fed varying inclusions of fermented fish-offal and mulberry leaf meal based-diets Fermented mixtures containing fish-offal meal (FOM) and mulberry leaf meal (MLM) were used as protein supplement to partially replace fish meal (FM) in the formulation of diets for the Indian minor carp Labeo bata. The diets included a reference diet (20 % FM), three diets of fermented mixture of FOM and MLM (T2–T4) replacing 50 to 75 % of FM. Formulation of diet with 30 % FOM, 24 % MLM and 5 % FM, thereby replacing 75 % of FM, appeared to be the best diet in terms of growth of the L. bata fingerlings. It was concluded that effectiveness of fermented FOM in replacing FM could be substantially increased by limited inclusion of MLM in the formulation of diet of minor carp. http://jifro.ir/article-1-829-en.pdf 2015-08-01 567 582 Fish-offal meal Mulberry leaf meal Recycling Fermentation Diet Carp K Mondal kausik.mondal2007@rediffmail.com 1 AUTHOR A Kaviraj 2 AUTHOR P.K Mukhopadhyay 3 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Comparative study on some biochemical characteristics of surimi from common carp and silver carp and proteins recovered using an acid-alkaline process Some biochemical characteristics of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and silver carp (Hypophtalmichthys moltrix) surimi prepared by a conventional washing method and protein isolated using alkaline-acid-aided processes were investigated. Solubility of protein in silver carp and common carp were found to be highest by using the conventional washing method. Decreases in myoglobin and lipid contents in both fish were found in the alkaline- or acid-aided process when compared to the conventional process (p0.05). In protein patterns of Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), the lowest intensity of the myosin heavy chains (MHC) band was found in silver carp by the conventional washing process. http://jifro.ir/article-1-1182-en.pdf 2015-08-04 583 597 Common carp Silver carp Acid- alkaline solubilization Recovery of protein B Shabanpour bshabanpour@yahoo.com 1 AUTHOR Y Etemadian 2 AUTHOR M Alami 3 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE The effects of Curcuma zedoaria and Zingiber zerumbet on non-specific immune responses of grouper Epinephelus coioides This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Curcuma zedoaria and Zingiber zerumbet on non-specific immune responses of grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Fish were fed an experimental diet containing 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5 g/kg of C. zedoaria and Z. zerumbet mixed diets twice daily for two weeks. Non-specific immune parameters such as respiratory burst activity, reactive oxygen species, phagocytic activities, superoxidase dismutase activity and lysozyme activity were sampled at 0, 1, 2, 4, 7 and 14 days, respectively. Results indicated that in fish fed with C. zedoaria at 0.5 g/kg diet and Z. zerumbet at 1 g/kg and 2.5 g/kg diets the non-specific immune response was affected, especially in cellular defense which had significant effects in the short term. Thus, this study indicated that C. zedoaria and Z. zerumbet supplemented in the diets of orange-spotted grouper acted as immunostimulants and appeared to enhance the non-specific immune responses in this species. http://jifro.ir/article-1-947-en.pdf 2015-08-04 598 611 Herbs Immunology Phagocytosis Plant extract White blood cell F.H Nan fhnan@mail.ntou.edu.tw 1 AUTHOR A.S Agus Putra 2 AUTHOR B Margie 3 AUTHOR M.C Lee 4 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Prokaryotic expression, purification and immunogenicity analysis of CpsD protein from Streptococcus iniae Streptococcus iniae is a major cause of serious bacterial infections in both fish and human beings. Capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of S. iniae is vital to evade phagocytic clearance of the host and serves as an important protective antigen of S. iniae infection in aquatic animals. The CpsD gene was determined to be highly conservative in capsule polysaccharide operon. Prokaryotic expression of the CpsD gene of a clinical isolate of S. iniae from channel catfish and immunogenic examination of the recombinant protein were first described in this essay. The recombinant protein was expressed in the form of inclusion bodies (IBs). Induction conditions in Escherichia coli were optimized with 0.6mM Isopropyl β-D-1-Thiogalactopyranoside at 37°C for 5h after the culture mid-log phase in Luria Bertani (LB) medium. The recombinant protein CpsD was thus expressed and purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC), yielding approximate 582.47 mg the protein per liter culture. Western blot analysis showed that the purified CpsD had reactogenicity. It will possibly reveal more details of capsule synthesis and capsule regulation during various stages of the S. iniae infectious process. http://jifro.ir/article-1-903-en.pdf 2015-08-04 612 622 Streptococcus iniae Capsular polysaccharide Prokaryotic expression Purification Western blot analysis. H.C. Wang 1 AUTHOR K.Y. Wang kywangsicau@126.com 2 AUTHOR J Wang 3 AUTHOR D Xiao 4 AUTHOR J.L. Huang 5 AUTHOR D.F. Chen 6 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Caspian whitefish, Rutilus frisii kutum Kamensky, 1901 a potential aquaculture candidate: study on the cumulative effects of salinity and temperature on culture performance In this study, growth and survival of the Caspian whitefish, Rutilus frisii kutum, (mean weight 0.59±0.06g) have been estimated at different rearing salinities (0, 5 and 10‰) and temperatures (24 and 28˚C). Maximum fish weight gain (493.65±14.07%) and specific growth rate (SGR) (2.74±0.15%), and minimum feed conversion ratio (FCR) (1.66±0.06) were obtained at salinity of 5‰ and temperature of 24˚C. There were significant differences in fish weight and length gain between the two rearing temperatures at salinity of 10‰ and between salinities of 0 and 5‰ at 24˚C (p<0.05). However, salinity and temperature did not significantly affect fish survival. Factorial analysis of variance showed significant cumulative effects of salinity and temperature on fish weight and length gain, final weight and SGR (p<0.05). This study confirmed that optimization of salinity and temperature is crucial in rearing a new fish species. Caspian whitefish fingerlings can be grown well at 5‰ and 24˚C although, it is recommended that the effects of a broader range of environmental variables as well as feed items must also be examined. http://jifro.ir/article-1-768-en.pdf 2015-08-05 623 633 Caspian whitefish Rutilus frisii kutum Salinity Temperature Growth indices Survival E Ahmadian 1 AUTHOR R Malekzadeh-Viayeh r.malekzadeh@urmia.ac.ir 2 AUTHOR A Zahmatkesh 3 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Genetic analysis of six sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) populations - recommendations for the plan of restitution in the Dniester River The aim of the present study was the genetic analysis of the Dniester population of sterlet Acipenser ruthenus and comparison of it to five other sterlet populations, in order to develop a population recovery plan. The genetic analysis of six sterlet populations from Eurasian rivers (Dniester, Dnieper, Danube, Volga, Kama and Ob) was carried out using microsatellite DNA markers. The genetic variation and genetic distance between studied populations were evaluated. Significant genetic differentiation was detected between the analyzed populations through the pairwise genetic differentiation index (Fst) test. The DA measure of genetic distance between pairs of populations indicated that the shortest genetic distance (in relation to the Dniester population) was between the Dniester and the Dnieper populations (0.184). The results obtained represent a starting point of sterlet conservation program in Dniester River. http://jifro.ir/article-1-1162-en.pdf 2015-08-08 634 645 Acipenser ruthenus Aquaculture Genetic analysis Microsatellite DNA Restitution D Fopp-Bayat foppik@gmail.com 1 AUTHOR P Kuzniar 2 AUTHOR R Kolman 3 AUTHOR T Liszewski 4 AUTHOR M Kucinski 5 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Effects of yeast nucleotide on growth performance, serum immune index and muscle composition of Ancherythroculter nigrocauda Yih & Wu A 50-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of yeast nucleotide in diets on growth performance, serum immune indices and muscle composition of Ancherythroculter nigrocauda (mean initial body weight, 23.30±0.59 g). Seven isonitrogenous (approximately 42.76% crude protein) and isoenergetic (17.43 KJ g−1 gross energy) experimental diets with varying levels of yeast nucleotide (0[control], 150, 300, 450, 600, 750 and 900 mg kg−1) were fed near to satiation to triplicate groups of fish. The results showed that the highest weight gain ratio (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and best feed conversion ratio (FCR) were evident in fish fed 450-600 mg kg−1 yeast nucleotide diet. The intramuscular protein and fat contents of data also supported the above level. The serum enzymes showed that activities of lysozyme (LZS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in fish increased first and decreased afterwards with the dietary nucleotide supplemental level increasing. The LZS activity in serum was found to be significantly (p<0.05) greater in fish fed yeast nucleotides at 450-750 mg kg−1. The fish fed the diet with 600 mg kg−1 yeast nucleotide had higher SOD level (p0.05). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity showed significantly (p<0.05) greater but continuous decrease with the increase in the levels of dietary yeast nucleotide. We therefore recommend dietary yeast nucleotide administration at (450 – 600 mg kg−1) to promote growth, enhance immunity and intramuscular protein and fat content. http://jifro.ir/article-1-941-en.pdf 2015-08-08 646 659 Ancherythroculter nigrocauda Yeast nucleotide Growth performance Serum immune index Muscle composition H.C Yin 1 AUTHOR J Huang hqm2002@126.com 2 +86 371 677 5651 AUTHOR D.H Yang 3 AUTHOR H.Y Zhao 4 AUTHOR F Jia 5 AUTHOR Y Zhang 6 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Assessment of the essential elements and heavy metals content of the muscle of Kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) from the south Caspian Sea and potential risk assessment Concentrations of heavy metals were determined in muscles of Kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) collected from the central part of the southern end of the Caspian Sea during February 2011. Except for silver (Ag) and nickel (Ni) which were below the limits of detection, the average levels of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) were 1.61, 0.025, 0.038, 0.176, 1.32, 5.83, 0.238, 0.869, 1.93 and 8.05 mg kg-1 wet weight, respectively. Although the maximum levels of Pb were higher than that recommended in some international guidelines (i.e.WHO<1.5mg kg-1), the estimated daily intakes of all metals were below the acceptable daily intake set by the joint FAO/WHO expert committee on food additives, and the hazard quotient values showed that there is no risk for consumptions of Kutum in reasonable amounts for consumers. http://jifro.ir/article-1-566-en.pdf 2015-08-15 660 671 Trace elements Kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) Risk assessment Caspian Sea S.M Hosseini hosseini.sayedmehdi@gmail.com 1 AUTHOR M karaminasab 2 AUTHOR M Batebi-Navaei 3 AUTHOR F Aflaki 4 AUTHOR F Monsefrad 5 AUTHOR J.M Regenstein 6 AUTHOR R Vajdi 7 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Digestive alkaline proteases from the Tunisian barbell (Barbus callensis): Characterization and application as a detergent additive, in chicken feather-degradation and as a dehairing agent Alkaline crude enzymes from the viscera of the Tunisian barbel (Barbus callensis) were extracted and characterized. Proteolytic crude extract from barbel viscera was active and stable in alkaline solution. The optimum pH and temperature were 11.0 and 55 °C, respectively, using casein as a substrate. The crude alkaline protease was extremely stable in the pH range of 5.0-12.0. Zymography activity staining using casein as a substrate showed the presence of at least five distinct proteases. The crude alkaline proteases showed stability towards various surfactants, bleach agents and compatibility with some commercial detergents. Alkaline proteases from the viscera of the barbel were tested in chicken feather-degradation and showed important feather degrading activity. Complete solubilisation of whole feathers was observed after 24h of incubation at 50°C. Additionally, crude alkaline protease demonstrated powerful capabilities of hair removal from skin and the collagen, the major leather-forming protein, was not significantly degraded. Considering its promising properties, alkaline crude enzyme from the viscera of the Tunisian barbel may be considered as a potential candidate for future use in several biotechnological processes. http://jifro.ir/article-1-946-en.pdf 2015-08-19 672 686 Digestive protease Barbus callensis Detergent Keratine-degradation Dehairing function. A Sila assaadsila@gmail.com 1 AUTHOR A Haddar 2 AUTHOR N Sayari 3 AUTHOR M Nasri 4 AUTHOR A Bougatef 5 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Effects of stock density on texture-colour quality and chemical composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) This study describes the effects of different stocking densities on texture/colour characteristics, protein content /amino acid and lipid content/fatty acid composition of rainbow trout fillet. Stocking density was selected 5 (Group A), 15 (Group B), 25 (Group C) kg fish m−3. Tukey’s Multiple Comparison Test showed insignificant differences between measured size/weight measurement and condition factors. No significant differences were found between A and C groups for colour analysis (L* and a* value) and texture profile analysis (hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness and gumminess values) of rainbow trout fillets. The proximate composition analysis showed rainbow trout fillets from the A and C groups to exhibit higher values of moisture than the B group. Fish from the A and B groups had a lower of ash and protein in comparison to C group samples. The highest fat values of rainbow trout were measured in B group samples. The content essential amino acid and non-essential amino acid was lower in A and B groups than in C groups. Fish from the C group had higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially n-3, docosahexanoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in comparison to A and C group. As a result, 25 kg fish m−3 is recommended stock density in terms of product texture/color and composition quality. http://jifro.ir/article-1-834-en.pdf 2015-08-22 687 698 Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Stock density Texture-Colour quality Chemical composition F Çagiltay ferfez@istanbul.edu.tr 1 AUTHOR N Erkan 2 AUTHOR Ş Ulusoy 3 AUTHOR A Selcuk 4 AUTHOR Ö Özden 5 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Effects of dietary astaxanthin on the immune response, resistance to white spot syndrome virus and transcription of antioxidant enzyme genes in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Three different experiments were conducted to study the effect of dietary astaxanthin on the immune response, resistance to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and transcription of antioxidant enzyme genes in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Each experiment included one triplicate treatment group (fed with 80 mg/kg astaxanthin supplemented diet) and one triplicate control group (fed with basal diet), and the feeding period lasted for 4 weeks. The experiment of immune responses showed that dietary astaxanthin significantly affects the hemolymph immunological index, including total haemocyte counts, phagocytic activity of haemocyte, serum anti-superoxide radical activity, serum phenoloxidase activity, serum anti-bacterial activity and serum bacteriolytic activity. In the experiment of resistance, the shrimp was challenged with WSSV after the feeding stage was finished. The result showed that the mortality of the experimental group 11 days post infection was 76.3%, while that of the control group was 100%. WSSV infection result via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection method showed that 95.6% of the dead shrimp in the experimental group were PCR positive, whilst 71.4% of the survived shrimps were WSSV positive. At the end of the experiment, 90% of the shrimps in the experimental group were WSSV positive, while all the the control group were WSSV positive. The result indicated that dietary astaxanthin could increase the resistance to WSSV. In the experiment of transcription of antioxidant enzyme (cyt-MnSOD, CAT and GPX) genes, the effect of astaxanthin on the transcription of these enzyme genes in the hepatopancreas was studied using semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis. The results suggested that astaxanthin could promote the antioxidant enzyme gene mRNA expression in the hepatopancreas of L. vannamei. http://jifro.ir/article-1-938-en.pdf 2015-09-01 699 718 Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Stock density Texture-colour quality Chemical composition H Wang 1 AUTHOR A Dai 2 AUTHOR F Liu 3 AUTHOR Y Guan guanyueqiang@hbu.edu.cn 4 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Effects of dietary supplementation of garlic (Allium sativum) extract on the resistance of Clarias gariepinus against Edwardsiella tarda infection The effects of dietary supplementation of garlic (Allium sativum) extract on the growth and disease resistance of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus was evaluated. Also in-vitro evaluation of susceptibility of fish-borne multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogenic bacteria to aqueous extract of garlic was done. Aqueous garlic extract exhibited inhibitory activity against MDR bacteria and the degree of inhibition increased significantly with increasing concentration of garlic extract. The garlic supplementation at the rate of 10g/ kg feed improved the food conversion ratio, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio of C. gariepinus significantly (p0.05). No significant difference was observed between plasma protein and glucose levels of the control treatment and garlic supplemented treatment during the 56 days of the experiment. Additionally significant differences in plasma protein and glucose levels of control and garlic supplemented treatments in 2 days and/or 15 days post-challenge. The varying levels of plasma glucose and protein suggested that the stress posed by the bacterial infection persisted in fish even after 15 days of challenge. The results demonstrated that bacterial infection can negatively alter blood biochemical profile of C. gariepinus, and dietary supplementation of garlic extract would help improve the resistance of fish to E. tarda infection in culture condition. http://jifro.ir/article-1-937-en.pdf 2015-09-02 719 733 Catfish Bacterial infection Multidrug resistant bacteria Garlic extract Inhibitory activity Plasma glucose T.J Abraham abrahamtj1@gmail.com 1 AUTHOR R Ritu 2 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE A grotesque variant of Silurus asotus (Teleostei: Siluridae) from Hongshuihe River basin, Guizhou, China One grotesque catfish specimen was collected in Zhangjiang River (upper reach of a secondary tributary of Hongshuihe River) in Libo County, Guizhou Province, China. This specimen bears surprising character of four dorsal fins, which have not appeared in any other silurid fishes. But other morphological characters, such as two pairs of barbels, lower jaw projecting beyond upper jaw, the first dorsal fin with one un-branched ray and 4 branched rays, mouth cleft shallow, anterior spine margin of pectoral spine prominently serrated, vomerine tooth band continuous across midline, show much similarities with that of Silurus asotus. This result supports that this variant originated from S. asotus for some special causations. The present study provided description and comparison with S. asotus. http://jifro.ir/article-1-939-en.pdf 2015-09-02 734 740 Variant Silurus asotus Siluridae Guizhou China Z.M Chen 1 AUTHOR J Yang yj1981yj@163.com 2 AUTHOR H.M Chen 3 AUTHOR J.C Ran 4 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Bacillus cereus infection in stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Siluriformes: Heteropneustidae) and their recovery by Argemone mexicana seed extract Mass mortality of stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis, was observed in a fish farm of Kulgaria, Burdwan in West Bengal, India. The cumulative mortality rates reached up to 5% of the total fish in the farm per day. The clinical signs of the affected fish showed ulcers on the skin which gradually grew in size and progressed to form ulcerous dermatitis. Clinical signs of catfish experimentally infected with the isolate were similar to those observed in the affected fish of the fish farm. The isolate was identified as Bacillus cereus through biochemical tests and analysis of the isolate by 16S rDNA sequences (97%). With dip treatment (10 min/day) from day 5 to day 15 with Argemone mexicana 1 g/L chloroform: methanol seed extracts, the mortality rate decreased and the treated fish gradually recovered on day 15 and their ulcers completely healed on day 21. The hematological values attained following treatment were very close to that of the normal values (p>0.05). This study is the first time report of B. cereus acting as a pathogen in fish and causing mortality in any fish farm. http://jifro.ir/article-1-698-en.pdf 2015-09-02 741 753 Bacillus cereus Heteropneustes fossilis Ulcer Mass mortality Hematology Argemone mexicana G Chandra goutamchandra63@yahoo.co.in 1 AUTHOR I Bhattacharjee 2 AUTHOR S Chatterjee 3 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE A floating cage system for rearing freshwater mussels Anodonta anatina and Unio mancus in Piedmont region (NW Italy) This research represents the first attempt in Italy to develop a cage system for adult freshwater mussel stocking, for extensive farming, that was realized from 2003 to 2005 in NW Italy. Two autochthonous species of Italian freshwater mussel were used: Anodonta anatina and Unio mancus. 5133 mussels were collected and successively stocked in floating cages in 5 different sites in a lake. This study was planned in order to determine the effect of main rearing factors for potential farming: stocking density and cage position in the water column (depth). For each species, the effects of three rearing densities and two water depths were tested. Mussel growth was measured on a monthly basis in each experimental unit throughout the study. The survival rate at the end of the experiment for both species considered was 98.4%. U. mancus resulted to be more resistant to rearing conditions and during the summer the highest mortality was registered for A. anatina. Summer mortality was between 4.8% and 20.5%. Highest mortality in U. mancus was recorded in September 2004 at 1.5 m (3.6±2.4%), while the highest mortality for A. anatina was recorded in September 2003 as 13.3%±3.8% at a depth of 1.5 m. This research showed that cage stocking is a suitable method and the optimal position of cages is at the lake thermocline. The proposed species proved to be easily utilizable for future farming or bioremediation projects, and can readily be reared up to 135 kg m-3. http://jifro.ir/article-1-1208-en.pdf 2015-09-02 754 766 Freshwater mussels Mussel farming Anodonta anatine Unio mancus Conservation aquaculture B Sicuro benedetto.sicuro@unito.it 1 AUTHOR E Panini 2 AUTHOR G Forneris 3 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Diet and trophic level of scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) from the Gulf of California and Gulf of Tehuantepec, Mexico We examined the diet and trophic level of Sphyrna lewini in the Gulf of California (GC) during 2001 and in the Gulf of Tehuantepec (GT) during 2005 using data from stomach content and stable isotope analysis of δ15N and δ13C. S. lewini diet was represented by pelagic and benthic prey species where the most important in weight was Scomber japonicus (27.70±4.54%) in GC, while in GT it was Auxis spp. (26.19±4.14%). There were differences for δ15N and δ13C between group sizes, showing a difference in the use of area and resources, while the differences for δ15N and δ13C between areas were related to changes in the isotopic signal from the base of the food web in each region. Based on δ13C and δ15N variability, diversity values (GC=3.69 GT=3.17) and diet breadth (GC=0.006 GT=0.002), we propose that S. lewini is an opportunistic predator. The trophic level of S. lewini was above four in all categories, which indicates that S. lewini is a tertiary consumer. We may conclude that S. lewini plays an important functional role as top predator within areas of Mexico. http://jifro.ir/article-1-792-en.pdf 2015-09-05 767 785 Shark Sphyrna lewini Gulf of Tehuantepec Mexico Stomach content analysis Stable isotopes. Y.E Torres Rojas yassirtorres@gmail.com 1 AUTHOR F Paez Osuna 2 AUTHOR J Camalich 3 AUTHOR F Galvan Magaña 4 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Karyological analysis of Cyprinion macrostomum Heckel, 1843, from Godarkhosh River, Ilam Province, Iran In this study, for the first time in Iran, the karyotype of bigmouth Lotak, Cyprinion macrostomum Heckel, 1843, was investigated through examining metaphase chromosomes of seven fish with mean weight 30±5g caught by electrofishing from Godarkhosh River in Ilam Province. To stimulate cell divisions, fish were injected intraperitoneally two times by phytohemagglutinin (PHA). The cell divisions were arrested in metaphase stage by intraperitoneal injection of colchicine. Well-separated cells were obtained from kidney and gill filament and chromosome spreads were prepared and stained with giemsa. Karyotype was obtained as 2n=50. The karyotype consisted of 5 metacentric, 12 submetacentric and 8 telocentric chromosome pairs. Centromeric index, arm ratio and Fundamental Number (FN) were determined as 0-50, 1-∞, and 84, respectively. http://jifro.ir/article-1-510-en.pdf 2015-09-20 786 796 Bigmouth lotak Cyprinion macrostomum Godarkhosh River Iran Karyotype. M Nasri 1 AUTHOR Y Keivany keivany@cc.iut.ac.ir 2 AUTHOR S Dorafshan 3 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Short Communication:Effects of the addition of a marigold extract to diets fed to channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) on growth parameters http://jifro.ir/article-1-1031-en.pdf 2015-09-20 797 804 Catfish Marigold extract Growth Ictalurus punctatus J.G Sánchez-Martínez jgsanchez@uat.edu.mx 1 AUTHOR R Pérez-Castañeda 2 AUTHOR G Aguirre-Guzmán 3 AUTHOR M.L Vázquez-Sauceda 4 AUTHOR J.L Rábago-Castro 5 AUTHOR M Hernández-Acosta 6 AUTHOR