OTHERS_CITABLE Optimization of morphology and geometry of encapsulated Hypophthalmichthys molitrix oil   In the present study, the effect of stirring speed and the type of cross linking agent on the size and formation of microencapsulated Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) oil were investigated. The gelatin/gum Arabic was used for encapsulating and the capsules were prepared by complex coacervation. Microcapsules were analyzed by optical microscopy technique and particle size analyzer. Results suggested the use of glutaraldehyde as the cross-linking agent instead of formaldehyde can caused the Microcapsules become spherical shape, smooth surface with no obvious dents and narrower particle size distribution. The average particle sizes were 537.2±0.8 μm, 84.4±0.5 μm, 12.98±0.4 μm, 8.24±0.5 μm, and 4±0.7 μm at the homogenization stirring speed of 100, 300, 500, 750 and 1000 rpm respectively. The best conditions of experiment were with 25% glutaraldehyde at 1000 rpm of stirring speed. http://jifro.ir/article-1-14-en.pdf 2015-09-13 199 208 gelatin gum Arabic cross linking agent microcapsules stirring speed complex coacervation H. Alavi Talab hedieh_alavi@yahoo.com 1 AUTHOR M. Ardjmand 2 AUTHOR A. A. Motalebi 3 AUTHOR R. Pourgholam 4 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Water exploitation of Karoon River for fish culturing through monitoring and simulation systems Heavy metal pollution dispersion simulation in rivers and predicting spatial and temporal variations of pollutants can be used to determine the precise place and to schedule water withdrawal time for drinking, agriculture, aquaculture and ecosystem studies. To study the movement of heavy metal pollution through Karoon flow model, MIKE 11 was employed fpr simulation of the flow model of Karoon River as well as heavy metal moving. The model was run for lead along the 214 km of Karoon River from Ahwaz to Darkhvein. The input data used for this model were river morphology parameters, statistical data of water flow and water contamination. The output of the model conformed to real data collected from different locations along the River. It was concluded that Karoon River water exploitation for fish culturing (e.g., salmon culture) should be at least 40 km far from Ahwaz (close to Bayoz City) from July to December and 20 km for the rest of the year. http://jifro.ir/article-1-2-en.pdf 2015-09-13 209 218 Pollution heavy metals fish lead Karoon River Iran S. Haghighi s_a_haghighy@yahoo.com 1 IFRO AUTHOR H. Arabi 2 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Selected morpho-chemical features of hemocytes in farmed shrimp, Fenneropenaeus indicus in Iran The aim of the present study was to determine various types of hemocytes, total and differential hemocyte count and to show some indices of phagocytosis, including percent phagocytosis and phagocytic index in Indian white shrimp, Fenneropenaeus indicus in Iranian shrimp farms. The hemolymph was extracted from the shrimps and mixed with anticoagulant. It then stained and Yeast was added as foreign particles to samples. Based on the cell size and presence of the granules and nucleocytoplasmic ratio, three major groups of hemocytes, including hyaline cells, small granular cells (SGC) and large granular cells (LGC) were identified. Hyaline cell (HC) was the smallest hemocyte. HC (hyaline cell) about was 10-15%, lower quantity in comparison to some species and those of LGC and SGC were 20-25% and 60-65%, respectively, suggesting that relative percentage of differential hemocyte count in Fenneropenaeus indicus is different from other decapods. Also, in this study, it was shown that SGH and LGH could engulf the yeast particles. In Contrast to some previous studies, no engulfment was observed by hyaline cells in vitro. In this study it was showed that there are some variations in total and differential hemocyte count compare to other species in the family of Penaeidae. http://jifro.ir/article-1-3-en.pdf 2015-09-13 219 232 Hemocytes morpho chemical Feature Phagocytosis Fenneropenaeus indicus S. Kakoolaki bsh443@gmail.com 1 AUTHOR I. Sharifpour 2 AUTHOR M. Soltani 3 AUTHOR H.A. Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi 4 AUTHOR S. Mirzargar 5 AUTHOR M. Rostami 6 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Reproduction and spawning patterns of the Scomberomorus commerson in the Iranian coastal waters of the Persian Gulf & Oman Sea   Reproduction and spawning patterns of the king fish (Scomberomorus commerson) were studied in the Persian Gulf (Hormozgan Province) and Oman Sea from Oct 2006 to Sep 2007. A total of 1120 fish was collected from different landing sites along the Iranian waters. Yearly analysis of the reproductive stages and gonadosomatic index showed a single reproductive cycle beginning in March and continued with a single spawning period from August to September. The mean length at first maturity (Lm 50%) for females was 83.6 Cm. The sex ratio was M: F = 0.97:1 which was not significantly (P > 0.05) different among samples (χ2 test). Isometric growth for this species was approved.   http://jifro.ir/article-1-4-en.pdf 2015-09-13 233 244 King fish Persian Gulf Oman Sea Gonadosomatic Index Sex ratio Lm50% F. Kaymaram Kaymaram_ifro@yahoo.com 1 AUTHOR S. A. Hossainy 2 AUTHOR M. Darvishi 3 AUTHOR S. A. Talebzadeh 4 AUTHOR M. S. Sadeghi 5 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Effect of the selected physico-chemical parameters on growth of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in raceway system in Iran A study was conducted to evaluate the correlation between selected physico-chemical parameters of water and their effects on growth of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in raceway system in the area of Sarab Gerdu, Iran. The samples were collected from twenty raceways (270- day old fish, surface area 55m2 flow rate 150 ls-1 total production 15 T). Physico-chemical parameters were the fluctuations of total ammonia nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, nitrogen (nitrates), phosphorous (phosphates), total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, fluoride, boron, pH, temperature, total hardness, and alkalinity. Multivariate analyses were conducted employing three categories of parameters including A, B and C. The results of the study showed that temperature and pH variations were similar. Dissolved oxygen with negative similarity coefficient, _0.618 was located in the third category while positive coefficient, 0.479 of other parameters except for pH and temperature (second category) and dissolved oxygen (third category) was located in the first one. pH value was not in a standard range due to increase in water temperature. This, in turn had impact on other parameters, such as :::union:::ized ammonia, a toxic chemical, to fish. Our result demonstrated that nitrate concentration is the most significant chemical parameter for fish growth in this area. Similarity, increase in concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water (from 3.30 mgl-1 up to 12 mgl-1) was necessary to promote productivity. http://jifro.ir/article-1-5-en.pdf 2015-09-13 245 254 multivariate analyses; raceway system; aquaculture; rainbow trout R. Moogouei r_moogoui@iau-tnb.ac.ir 1 AUTHOR A.R. Karbassi 2 AUTHOR S.M. Monavari 3 AUTHOR M. Rabani 4 AUTHOR A. Taheri Mirghaed 5 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Impacts of whey protein edible coating on chemical and microbial factors of gutted kilka during frozen storage The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of whey protein coating on quality and shelf life of Kilka fish. Whey protein edible coating was prepared in three different concentrations, including 3, 7, 10 and 13%. Then gutted Kilkas were coated for 1h, packed in polyethylene dishes with cellophane blanket and stored at -18 °C. Total microbial count, total volatile nitrogen (TVN) and moisture evaluation were carried out within 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 months (sample size: 75 packages, weighted 250 grams each). Results showed that there was no significant difference between total microbial count and total volatile nitrogen among samples (p>0.05). Moisture of coated samples with 13% concentration of whey protein had significant difference with other treatments (p<0.05) suggesting that whey protein edible coating with 13 % concentrations can enhance quality and increase shelf life of Kilka fish in storage of freezing up to 4 months. http://jifro.ir/article-1-6-en.pdf 2015-09-13 255 264 edible films and coating whey protein Kilka fish Shelf life A. A. Motalebi motalebi@ifro.ir 1 AUTHOR A. Hasanzati Rostami 2 AUTHOR A.A. Khanipour 3 AUTHOR M. Soltani 4 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Impacts of gamma radiation on nutritional components of minimal processed cultured sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)   Eviscerated sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax were irradiated by Cobalt-60 at commercial irradiation facility at dose of 2.5 and 5 kGy at 2–4°C. The influences of the irradiation on proximate, fatty acid and amino acid composition in cultured sea bass were investigated. Significant differences (P<0.0.5) were found between non-irradiated and irradiated sea bass in terms of moisture, protein, fat, ash and carbohydrate contents. Total saturated and total monounsaturated fatty acid contents were 27.97-24.72% for non-irradiated sea bass respectively. The amonts of these two fatty acids in irradiated samples increased to 28.18-25.75% for 2.5 kGy and 29.08-28.54% for 5 kGy. Total polyunsaturated fatty acid content for irradiated samples was higher than non- irradiated samples. Aspartic acid, glutamic acid, asparagines, histidine, serine, glycine, arginine, alanine, tyrosine, cystine, methionine, lysine, hydroxyproline and proline contents for 2.5 and 5 kGy irradiated sea bass were significantly different (P<0.05). http://jifro.ir/article-1-7-en.pdf 2015-09-13 265 278 Fish gamma irradiation fatty acid amino acid proximate composition Ö. Özden ozden@istanbul.edu.tr 1 AUTHOR N. Erkan 2 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Inhibitory impacts of natural antioxidants (ascorbic and citric acid) and vacuum packaging on lipid oxidation in frozen Persian sturgeon fillets   This study was aimed to investigate effects of aqueous citric acid (CA) and ascorbic acid (AA) on lipid oxidation in comparison with effect of vacuum packaging in order to find better treatment to delay improper changes in the Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) fillets during frozen storage due to lipid oxidation. In this study traditional packaging, vacuum packaging, ascorbic acid solution (0.5 %) and citric acid solution (0.5 %) were considered as treatments. Rancidity development was measured by several biochemical indicators including Free Fatty Acids, Peroxide values and Thiobarbituric acid. Also pH, expressible moisture and sensory properties were measured during 6 months storage. Results showed that free fatty acid (FFA), primary and secondary oxidation products of control samples were significantly higher than those in other treatments (p<0.05). Also, expressible moisture and pH value of treated samples were significantly lower than those in control (p<0.05). However both antioxidants (AA and CA) extended shelf life of frozen fillets but rancidity development in CA treated samples was higher than other samples during storage. Results showed that all three treatments had significant effect on delaying lipid oxidation (p<0.05) but usage of AA and vacuum packaging had the best effect on delaying lipid oxidation and increasing shelf-life of fillets (p<0.05) . Thus the employment of AA and vacuum packaging alone or in combination with other protective strategies is recommended. http://jifro.ir/article-1-8-en.pdf 2015-09-13 279 292 Persian sturgeon Antioxidant Citric acid Ascorbic acid Vacuum packaging Rancidity H. Rostamzad haniyeh_rostamzad@yahoo.com 1 AUTHOR B. Shabanpour 2 AUTHOR M. Kashaninejad 3 AUTHOR A. Shabani 4 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Effects of artificial substrates on the growth, survival and spatial distribution of Litopenaeus vannamei in the intensive culture condition  In order to investigate the effects of artificial substrates (vertical surface of polypropylene fabrics) on cultured shrimp, we reared 28-day old Litopenaeus vannamei post-larvae (PL28) intensively for 90 days at a density of 510 shrimp/m2 in each of 8 tanks. Two tanks containing no artificial substrate were a control group, and 1, 3 and 5 artificial substrates were present in other 6 tanks. The volume of each tank was 100 L. In the tanks with artificial substrates, the percentage of shrimp distribution on the bottom was less significant (P<0.05) than that in the control tanks. The percentage of shrimps attached to the artificial substrates increased and fewer shrimp occupied the tank bottom as more artificial substrates were added to the tanks. Moreover the trends were more significant as rearing days increased. These results showed that artificial substrates could disperse the shrimp from the tank bottom onto the artificial substrates and thus alleviate the negative effect of high stocking density on shrimp growth in the tanks. Both the average weight and survival in the tanks with artificial substrates were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those in the control tanks. Furthermore, weight and survival increased when more artificial substrates were added. Because the shrimps in all tanks were supplied with suitable water quality and adequate nutritional food, we suggest that the differences of growth and survival were affected mainly by living space added with the addition of artificial substrates. http://jifro.ir/article-1-9-en.pdf 2015-09-13 293 304 Artificial substrate Litopenaeus vannamei Spatial distribution Survival Weight Bo Zhang 1 AUTHOR Wenhui Lin 2 AUTHOR Jianrong Huang 3 AUTHOR Yajun Wang 4 AUTHOR Runlin Xu lssxrl@tom.com 5 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Isolation of common carp ovarian follicular cells and evaluation of their endocrine activity in primary cell culture   To study viability and activity of isolated common carp, Cyprinus carpio, ovarian follicular cells (granulosa and theca cells), 17- α -Hydroxy progesterone (17 α -OHP) and 17 β -Estradiol (E2) levels were estimated in the culture media of cultivated carp ovarian follicular cells, using radioimmunoassay (RIA). Oocytes were isolated from the ovaries of female carp. Interstitial tissue was manually removed in order to obtain single oocytes surrounded only by the follicular envelope. Such a preparation was trypsinized at room temperature. Follicular cell suspension contained both cells and cell clumps. It was the mixture of theca (T) and granulosa (G) cells. The cells were grown as monolayer in 24-well microplates in M199 medium supplemented with FBS. Culture media were analyzed for estrogen and progesterone content by appropriate radioimmunoassay. Trypsinization of ovarian follicles resulted in the formation of the cell suspension which contained a mixture of G and T cells. The follicular cells attached to glass and grew well during culture period. E2 was the main steroid hormone secreted by cultivated cells. Estrogen secretion increased by 415.52 ± 25 pg/mL at the first 3 days up to 530.25 ± 55.8 pg/ml on day 5 and it didn't change significantly until the end of the experiment. 17 α -OHP secretion, however, gradually increased from 23.84 ± 8.2 pg/ml at the beginning of culture up to 35.76 ± 5.4 pg/ml at the end of cultivating. As the result of the present study the fish follicular cells grown in tissue culture were steroidogenically active cells as expressed by the secretion of E2 and P4 and The E2 was a dominant hormone secreted by isolated follicular cells, which it correlated closely with vitellogenes stage http://jifro.ir/article-1-10-en.pdf 2015-09-13 305 314 Granulosa cells Theca cells Steroid hormones Cyprinus carpio Cell culture. N. Salamat salamatnegin@yahoo.com 1 AUTHOR N. Erfani Majd 2 AUTHOR M. Hashemitabar 3 AUTHOR M. Mesbah 4 AUTHOR A. Ahangarpoor 5 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Population biology and assessment of Kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis) in Coastal Waters of the Persian Gulf and Sea of Oman (Hormozgan Province)   Length composition data (fork length) of kawakawa (Euthynnus affinis ), landed between April 2003 to March 2005 in Coastal Waters of Hormozgan province in Iran ( Persian Gulf and Sea of Oman) , were monthly used to estimate the p opulation parameters and for the assessment of the stock. The growth parameters of von Bertalanffy equation were estimated as L∞: 87.66 cm, K: 0.51 per year and t0: -0.23 year. The estimated value of total mortality, natural mortality and fishing mortality were Z: 2.37, M: 0.65, F: 1.72 per year, respectively. Exploitation ratio (E) and Exploitation rate (U) were estimated as 0.72 and 0.65. The Annual total stock at beginning of year was calculated to be 7924 t and Annual average standing stock (S) was equal to 2994 t. By using analyses knife-edge selection method, biological reference points for kawakawa stock was calculated as, Y'/R (relative yield per recruitment) =0.062, B'/R (relative biomass per recruitment) =0.13, F max (Fishing mortality at maximum sustainable yield) =1.6, E max (Exploitation ratio at maximum sustainable yield) = 0.68 Fopt (Precautionary average target ) =0.33 year-1 and Flimit=0.43 year-1. As the exploitation ratio of kawakawa stock in this study was calculated to be over 0.5, it strongly recommended minimizing the fishing activity in this area. http://jifro.ir/article-1-11-en.pdf 2015-09-13 315 326 Euthynnus affinis Population biology Assessment Persian Gulf Oman Sea S. A. Taghavi Motlagh : s_taghvimotlagh@hotmail.com 1 AUTHOR S. A. Hashemi 2 AUTHOR P. Kochanian 3 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Fat uptake evaluation in fried fish fillet by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of breading materials and two different frying oils on the fat up-take in the fish fillets during frying process. Breaded and non-breaded black pomfret (Parastromateus niger) fillets were fried in sunflower oil and palm olein. Fat content by Soxhelet method and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was studied. Results from Soxhelet method showed that fat content in the non-breaded fried fillets was significantly (P<0.05) higher than breaded fillets. This was confirmed by the SEM. Observations from the SEM micrographs showed that some gas cell can be seen in the non-breaded fried fillets. Presence of these cells in the non-breaded fillets resulted in the higher fat uptake than that of fish muscle fillets. Observation by the SEM also showed that the surfaces of the non-breaded fried fillets highly deformed. However, this deformation in the breaded fried fillets was significantly lower. http://jifro.ir/article-1-12-en.pdf 2015-09-13 327 336 SEM Fish fat content Black pomfret Breaded fish J. Bakar jamilah@putra.upm.edu.my 1 AUTHOR Y. Moradi 2 AUTHOR Y. Che. Man 3 AUTHOR S. kharidah 4 AUTHOR
OTHERS_CITABLE Short communication:Population structure of green tiger prawn, Penaeus semisulcatus (De Haan) in Bushehr waters, Persian Gulf http://jifro.ir/article-1-13-en.pdf 2015-09-13 337 341 N. Niamaimandi nmaimandi@yahoo.com 1 AUTHOR A. Arshad 2 AUTHOR Daud Siti Khalijah 3 AUTHOR Saed Ross Cheroos 4 AUTHOR B. Kiabi 5 AUTHOR